Scrooge Is A Miserable And Greedy Old Man Essay - 1390 Words

Ebenezer Scrooge is a miserable and greedy old man, who focuses mainly on his business and continues with his greedy ways on Christmas Eve. He is always grumpy and yells at his employees, and most of all at Bob Cratchit. Scrooge’s desire is to be by himself on Christmas Eve, and rejects his nephew Fred’s, invitation for dinner. One night, the ghost of Jacob Marley, a former colleague of Scrooge, who has passed away seven years ago, visits the old man. Marley reminds Scrooge of his cruel lifestyle and encourages him to change it before it is too late. He tells Scrooge that three spirits will visit him. When Scrooge falls asleep, The Ghost of Christmas Past visits him first. The Ghost shows him scenes from the past the reveal Scrooges’ live; from a lonesome young boy to a man who has allowed greed to overcome his life, a man who does not know love and compassion. Scrooge is touched by what he has seen and even allows emotions to overcome his stone-cold heart. Secon dly, the Ghost of Christmas Present visits Scrooge. The Ghost takes Scrooge to several Christmas celebrations, including the party at Fred’s house. Also the Ghost takes Scrooge to the Crachit’s house, and warns him that unless the future is changed the crippled young son of Bob, Tiny Tim will die. The ghost warns Scrooge to be carful of his ignorance. Lastly the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come visits Scrooge. The old man becomes aware that several people discuses the death of someone. At last, he learns that this isShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Scrooge In A Christmas Carol818 Words   |  4 PagesLessons Scrooge Learned â€Å"I am not the man I was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dickens 676). Those might be the most famous words spoken by Charles Dickens’ main character of â€Å"A Christmas Carol†. Scrooge was a greedy man whose life was changed by the visitations of three spirits; Past, The present, and Future. Scrooge learned why he had become greedy, how much he missed out on by avoiding Christmas, and that he was capable of becoming a compassionate person who could make a difference in the lives of others. TheRead More Scrooge in A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens Scrooge is represented from the beginning as a miserable old man being described as a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous, old sinner! I think this a perfect description of him in one sentence. People know Scrooge well and avoid him, this suites Scrooge because he does not like other people and not a big fan of being sociable. The name Scrooge was created by Dickens and is now well known in the dictionaryRead MoreScrooges Journey of Growth and Redemption in a Christmas Carol810 Words   |  4 PagesDickens represents Scrooge as an unsympathetic man who is offered the opportunity to redeem himself. Through use of language, the reader is positioned to view him adversely, but during the journey of morality lessons shown by three spirits, Scrooge recovers his sense of joy by undergoing a significant transformation. Scrooge seeks redemption through the many lessons taught by the Spirits of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come. In A Christmas Carol, Dickens represents Scrooge as a squeezingRead MoreA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens1160 Words   |  5 PagesHumbug†, a line repeated many times in the story by its main character, a miserable and bitter fellow by the name of Ebenezer Scrooge, has become a well-known phrase even today. The story takes place in and around the city of London and begins on Christmas Eve, continues through Christmas Day, and ends the morning after Christmas in 1843. At the beginning of the story, Scrooge hates Christmas and happiness and was very greedy. Then a trio of spirits, the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and FutureRead MoreA Christmas Carol Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesstaves. The first stave is a prologue where Dickens introduces the reader to scrooge and his characteristics. In the second stave Dickens writes about the ghost of the past who takes scrooge to the past and shows him what happened in his important parts of his life. In the third stave Dickens writes about the ghost of the present where the ghost of present shows scrooge what was happening at the present. In the fourth stave scrooge is met by the ghost of the future and he is shown what is going to happenRead More A Christmas Carol - character study of Scrooge Essay2602 Words   |  11 PagesA Christmas Carol - character study of Scrooge A Christmas Carol â€Å"Scrooge! A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner!† Scrooge is the main character in the novel ‘A Christmas Carol’. At the beginning of the novel he is a brutal, evil, pitiless, cold-hearted man, but subsequent to meeting three spirits, Scrooge regrets his life and decides he needs to alter it. The main theme Charles Dickens conveys through the story is redemption; this is significantRead MoreCharles Dickens and A Christmas Carol1613 Words   |  7 Pagesa school director. Dickens went to William Giles’ school in Chatham, Kent, for approximately one year before his father’s money habits caught up with him. Dickens’ father was sent to prison for debt in 1824, when Dickens’ was just twelve years old. Following his father’s imprisonment, Dickens’ had to drop out of school to work at a boot-blacking factory along the River of Thames. He earned 6 shillings a week, which is a dollar and forty-four cents in US money. It was the best he could do toRead MoreScrooges Change in Attitude in A Christmas Carol Essay1970 Words   |  8 Pagescharacter Scrooge, and his attitude towards life, his mean, grumpy and selfish character and his lack of Christian charity. It will explain the transformation of Scrooge and why the transformation occurred. Scrooges mean attitude was demonstrated when he said to his nephew, â€Å"What right have you to be Merry? Youre poor enough This is the first indication that Scrooge was not in the Christmas spirit as he was not joyful. This is also an indication that Scrooge was greedy and mean withRead MoreHow and Why Does Dickens Present the Change in Scrooge in ‘a Christmas Carol’?2608 Words   |  11 PagesChristmas Carol’ covers a period of 24 hours from Christmas Eve to Christmas Day. It is a simple morality tale of the radical change in the character Ebenezer Scrooge from being bitter, ironfisted and miserable to becoming a new, openhearted and charitable man. The book was first published in 1843, a time when many of the wealthy people neglected the old Christmas spirit of charity. In addition, the Industrial Revolution had further done away with the simple pleasures of the season. Dickens’ intentions inRead More Analysis of A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Essays3690 Words   |  15 PagesLondon, allow readers to experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old city. The story I am studying is A Christmas Carol. A Christmas Carol is a song sung during a Christian celebration - Christmas. A Christmas Carol is structured using 5 stares (chapters). It begins in the past, informing the reader of a man named Marley, and his death. Then in the present we are introduced to Ebenezer Scrooge who is a business man. Unfortunately that is all he cares about. He thinks Christmas is a

Computional Fluid Dynamics Through a Pipe Free Essays

Table of Contents INTRODUCTION3 Method:3 Part 23 Part 33 Part 44 Part 54 RESULTS4 Part 14 Part 26 Part 36 Part 46 Part 5:6 DISCUSSION7 CONCLUSION7 REFERENCES7 INTRODUCTION The main objective of this assignment is to simulate a 3-D air flow in a pipe using Ansys CFX. The pipe was simulated under specific conditions. These conditions are air temperature to be 25? C (degrees Celsius), one atmospheric reference pressure, no heat transfer and laminar flow. We will write a custom essay sample on Computional Fluid Dynamics Through a Pipe or any similar topic only for you Order Now The results from the simulation of laminar flow in the pipe were compared with the theoretical ones. Also the mesh was refined in the simulation to see if it is possible to get more accurate results using grid convergence analysis. Method: The pipe used in the simulation has dimensions of a 0. 5m axial length and a radial diameter of 12mm. The air entering the pipe, inlet velocity, is set to 0. 4 m/s at a temperature of 25? C and one atmospheric pressure. No slip condition was set on the pipe walls. The outlet of pipe was set to zero gauge average static pressure. In CFX a mesh was formed on the pipe with a default mesh spacing (element size) of 2mm. Figure (1) and (2) shows the setup of the model before simulation was preformed Figure 1: Mesh without Inflation Figure 1: Mesh without Inflation Figure 2: Mesh with Inflation Part 2 Calculating the pressure drop ? p=fLD? Ub22Equation (1) Calculating Reynolds number Re=UbD/? Equation (2) Friction Factorf=64/ReEquation (3) The results were calculated using excel, and plotted in Figure (3). Part 3 Estimating the entrance pipe length Le: Le/D=0. 06ReEquation (4) Having Re=UbD/? Equation (3) The simulated results of velocity vs. axial length were plotted in Figure (5). From the graph the Le (entrance pipe length) was determined by estimating the point in the x-axis where the curve is straight horizontal line. Part 4 Comparison of the radial distribution of the axial velocity in the fully developed region in the simulated model against the following analytical equation: UUmax = 1-rr02 Equation (5) The results were calculated using excel, and plotted in Figure (4). Part 5 The simulation was performed three times, each time with a different grid setting. The numbers of nodes were 121156,215875 and 312647 for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd simulation. RESULTS Part 1 Figure 3: Pressure Distribution vs. Axial Length Figure 3: Pressure Distribution vs. Axial Length Figure 4: Axial Velocity vs. Radial Diameter Figure 5: Velocity vs. Axial Distance Part 2 Having: Dynamic viscosity ? = 1. 835Ãâ€"10-5 kg/ms and Density ? = 1. 184 kg/m3 Reynolds Number Re=UbD? == 261. 58 Friction Factorf=64Re== 0. 244667 ?p=0. 965691 Pa From the simulation the pressure estimated at the inlet is ? p=0. 96562 Pa (0. 95295-0. 965691)/0. 965691*100 = 1. 080 % Part 3 Having Re=UbD? =261. 58 The entrance pipe length Le: Le=0. 06Re*D = 0. 188 m From the graph in Figure (3) the Le is estimated to be ~ 0. 166667 ((0. 166667-0. 188)/0. 188)*100 = 11. 73% Part 4 From the graph in Figure 2 the theoretical velocity at the center of the pipe is estimated to be 0. 8 m/s. From the simulation the velocity at the center of the pipe is estimated to be 0. 660406 m/s. ((0. 688179-0. 8)/0. 8)*100= 13. 98% Part 5: Table 1: Percentage Error for Each Simulation Number of Nodes| Axial Velocity % error (%)| Pressure % error (%) | 120000 Simulated I| 13. 98| 1. 31| 215000 Simulated II| 12. 42| 2. 24| 312000 Simulated III| 12. 38| 2. 28| Figure 6: Percentage Error vs. Number of Nodes Figure 6: Percentage Error vs. Number of Nodes The percentage error for the axial velocity results from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd simulation were calculated and plotted in Figure (6), as well as the pressure result along the pipe. Table (1) shows the axial velocity and pressure percentage error for each simulation. DISCUSSION After the simulation was successfully done on Ansys CFX and the simulated results were compared with theoretical results, it was found that the simulated results have slight deviation from theoretical ones. In PART 2, he pressure in the simulated result differed by the theoretical by a 1. 080%, for 1st simulation. In PART 3, the simulated results for entrance pipe length, Le, differed from the theoretical results by 11. 73%. In PART 4, Figure (4), the simulated velocity curve is less accurate than that of the theoretical. In PART 5, meshing refinements and inflation were done to the simulation in order to getting better results. Figures (6) show with more nodes and inflation the accuracy of the results increases. Increasing the nodes gradually was found to be an advantage where higher or more accurate results were obtained. This is noted in grid convergence graph, Figure (6), as the number of nodes increase the pressure percentage error is converging to 2% while for velocity percentage error is converging to 12%. On the other hand, the percentage error increased with the increase of the number of nodes while the velocity error decreased with the increase of number of nodes. In Part 2 the percentage error for pressure drop is 1. 080%, for 1st simulation. But when trying to increase the accuracy of the simulated velocity result by refining the meshing and adding nodes the pressure drop percentage error increases, as shown in figure (6). This is due to that Darcy-Weisbach equation, equation (1), assumes constant developed flow all along the pipe where in the simulated results the flow is observed to become developed father down the pipe from the inlet. This is assumed to change the pressure distribution along the pipe. CONCLUSION More nodes used in meshing will produce more accurate and precise results, as shown in Figure (6). Also the meshing plays a vital rule on the sensitivity of results in terms of the accuracy of these results. REFERENCES [1]Fluid Mechanics Frank M. White Sixth edition. 2006 How to cite Computional Fluid Dynamics Through a Pipe, Essay examples

Internal Assessment Essay Example For Students

Internal Assessment Essay Allow me to start you off with a question. Isnt it hard to comprehend the idea of a novel, without any characters? Think a second. Well yes. There will be no dialogue, no experiences hence no story to convey, and no novel to start with. Therefore characters are one of the most necessary elements of a novel; and this is what this oral presentation will scrutinize. This oral presentation aims to answer these questions during the process: how are the characters presented on paper, how do may the readers interpret the characters, what are the purposes of the characters and their actions. These questions will refer to the three main characters, Jimmy, Crake and Oryx, found in the novel Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood; portraying a dystopic world in our near future. Jimmy is the main character of the novel. The author presents Jimmy to us at the beginning of the book as a naked and ruined man, which has somehow survived a disaster of some sort. He is a vulnerable creature that has managed to stay alive in a new dangerous and vicious ecosystem. It is evident that Jimmy is a weak organism of this ecosystem from how Jimmys skin is full of bug bites, his sensitivity against the bright sun, the lack of food and the fact that he has to sleep in tree to be safe from creature crawling under him during the night. Jimmy renames himself as the Abominable Snowman after surviving human extinction. However he changes it to snowman thinking he will melt into nothingness similar to a real snowman. Snowman is presented as an inferior of the environment. He was also a weak individual in society as a child. Jimmy found it hard to form connections with other humans. The most important reasons for this is Jimmys parents not spending any time with him, even when it was Jimmys birthday, and his mother abandoning Jimmy to engage in anti-compound activities. Jimmy tries to make friends by performing small funny shows of his parents fighting at school. Nevertheless he still lacks the ability to form true friendships. The readers can easily observe the different stages of Jimmys life and how he develops through the years. Jimmy suffers similar to any average person today will suffer from a dysfunctional family. There are no exaggerations. Even when Jimmy gets into a relation with his true love, Oryx, he continues having difficulty empathizing. Jimmy cant prevent himself from searching into Oryxs past although she refuses. Small details similar to this add the extra realism to this character; allowing the reader to easily connect to the story through this realistic character. Jimmy continues to develop. After the disaster, although he had a great talent for language and word usage, Jimmy encounters problems recalling the fancy words he once knew and loved; allowing the reader to fully understand the consequences of the disaster on Jimmy, both physically and mentally. Jimmy accurately fills the purpose of portraying an average person struggling to survive in harsh conditions. Bringing the theme survival up to surface. Also the novel is told from the depth of Jimmys mind. Allowing the reader to further know how this character thinks and moves helping the author portray a realistic character that the story can be revolved around. Crake is one of the antagonists of the novel. Crake, previously known as Glenn, is Jimmys only friend and vice versa. Crake impresses Jimmy with his ability to make impressions of teachers. He is also very intelligent; intelligent enough to attend the prestigious Watson-Crick institute. Glenn is first presented to us as a silent and intellectual teenager. A good example to show his cleverness is when Crake calculates the position of the mans hand in there teachers jacket at the mall. It is on page 85. Both Glenn and Jimmy do what average teenagers do: they play a great deal of video games, watch violent movies and even watch porn together. Glenn acts similar to an average teenager however he lacks the emotions and tenderness. Nonetheless he possesses a strong logic. Glenn only operates from logical theorems like robots we see in science fiction. .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 , .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .postImageUrl , .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 , .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:hover , .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:visited , .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:active { border:0!important; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:active , .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Journeys end is a play that has been successful for over 70 years EssayWhen Jimmy and Glenn start playing a game called Extinctathon, Glenn adopts the name Crake (name of an extinct red necked Australian bird). Foreshadowing his, own extinction in near the end of the novel. Although his name changes Crake doesnt develop through the novel. Crake continues depending only on pure logic at every aspect of life and lacks the human emotions. Crake is blinded from his desire to carry out his logical theorems and kills all of humanity including him. No normal human being can ever dare to think of an action like this. Crake lacks the realism that Jimmy possesses. Most readers will identify Glenn as the most intelligent kid in class who always has something clever to say. I heard that most people think that Jimmys and Crake friendship is improbable. The mentality is that people become friends with people as same as them, intelligent with intelligent, sporty people with sporty people etc. However I think, Jimmy and Crake a perfect match. Both of them have parents that dont interact with them much. Jimmys mother abandons him and his father barely calls with him, only spends his time with his new wife. A similar template can be seen with Crakes parents with slight differences, his mother doesnt talk much and he has a stepfather Uncle Pete. Besides their similarity of their family relations, there are their differences that attract them closer like the different poles of a magnet. For some their difference in intelligence is a negative factor in their friendship. However, this difference allows the each of them to learn different aspects of life; making their friendship more interesting and causing them to connect more. This is the role of Crake in the book. Allowing the author to write an interesting story of Jimmys childhood, showing the how the families of the future are going to be corrupt. Crake also fills in the role of causing the biggest conflict in the book, the extinction of human kind. Finally there is the beautiful Oryx. She is the only female character from our three main. In the book she is described to have a triangular face, like that of a Siamese cat. The good friends Jimmy and Crake first see her in pornography movie, wearing a garland of flowers and a pink hair ribbon. Before all these Oryx used to live in a poor village as a small child, later being sold to a child trader. She is first thought to sell flowers to tourists then to seduce old man into a trap. Afterwards she starts playing in porn movies. Then she meets Crake through the students services of Watson-Crick. Oryx is very unique character. She is the furthest from average human features. Oryx is extremely adaptive to any condition. She manages to look at the bright side of everything. She believes anything said to hear. Seem is as if she is only programmed to follow orders. Uncle En tells her to go to the hotel room with the man, she doesnt refuse. She doesnt have the ability to oppose. Life isnt about herself it is about the people around her. For example, although she loves Jimmy she still cant breakup with Crake just because she thinks Crake is doing something to change the world and that she shouldnt break his feelings and help him as much as possible. There a few key roles Oryx carries out in the novel. First of course she portrays the horrible events like child trading in the novels dystopic world. Second she becomes the only girl that Jimmy has feelings for. Bringing out his inner emotions to surface allowing him to develop. Finally, she forms the love triangle between the three characters. Actually it is more similar to a v shape where Oryx is the point of the shape. This produces a new conflict: a conflict for Jimmy to win his true love entirely from Crake. Another would be Oryx having to choose one of the two. However Oryx isnt in a state of conflict, when any normal person should. This leaves the character incomplete and alien to readers. .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 , .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .postImageUrl , .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 , .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:hover , .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:visited , .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:active { border:0!important; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:active , .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Pretty Horses EssayTo conclude, all three of the characters are different from each other: Jimmy is the closest representation of us humans, Crake is what robot are like in humans destroying humans thinking they are imperfect, and Oryx is the naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve beautiful girl that follows anyone that sound convincing. Crake and Oryx may lack the humanlike features; however they have important drives to fulfill. This novel wouldnt be what it is without them. Nonetheless Jimmy is the strongest and most entertaining character in the Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood. Throughout the presentation I tried to give a brief background of the characters, how many readers might interpret these characters, and their roles in the novel. Every individual reads and understand differently. Of course, literature pieces are always debatable. Now if there is any question please feel free and thank you listening.

Why does Torvald constantly reprimand Nora for her wastefulness and foolishness while simultaneously supporting her behavior Essay Example

Why does Torvald constantly reprimand Nora for her wastefulness and foolishness while simultaneously supporting her behavior? Essay Torvald perceives Nora as a foolish woman who is ignorant of the way society works, but he likes Nora’s foolishness and ignorance because they render her helpless and therefore dependent on him. It soon becomes clear to us that Nora’s dependence, not Torvald’s love for Nora as a person, forms the foundation of Torvald’s affection for her. In Act One, Torvald teases Nora about wasting money but then tries to please her by graciously giving her more. Similarly, he points out her faults but then says he doesn’t want her to change a bit. He clearly enjoys keeping Nora in a position where she cannot function in the world without him, even if it means that she remains foolish. In general, Torvald disapproves of any kind of change in Nora’s constant, obedient demeanor because he needs to control her behavior. When Nora begins to dance the tarantella wildly in Act Two, he is unsettled. In Act One, Nora says that it would humiliate Torvald if he knew he was secretly in debt to her for his life, indicating that Torvald wants the power in his marriage to be one-sided rather than  mutual. What is the sacrificial role held by women of all economic classes in this book? How is it portrayed by Ibsen? In general, the play’s female characters exemplify Nora’s assertion (spoken to Torvald in Act Three) that even though men refuse to sacrifice their integrity, â€Å"hundreds of thousands of women have.† In order to support her mother and two brothers, Mrs. Linde found it necessary to abandon Krogstad, her true—but penniless—love, and marry a richer man. The nanny had to abandon her own child to support herself by working as Nora’s (and then as Nora’s children’s) caretaker. As she tells Nora, the nanny considers herself lucky to have found the job, since she was â€Å"a poor girl who’d been led astray.† We will write a custom essay sample on Why does Torvald constantly reprimand Nora for her wastefulness and foolishness while simultaneously supporting her behavior? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why does Torvald constantly reprimand Nora for her wastefulness and foolishness while simultaneously supporting her behavior? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why does Torvald constantly reprimand Nora for her wastefulness and foolishness while simultaneously supporting her behavior? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Though Nora is economically advantaged in comparison to the play’s other female characters, she nevertheless leads a difficult life because society dictates that Torvald be the marriage’s dominant partner. Torvald issues decrees and condescends to Nora, and Nora must hide her loan from him because she knows Torvald could never accept the idea that his wife (or any other woman) had helped save his life. Furthermore, she must work in secret to pay off her loan because it is illegal for a woman to obtain a loan without her husband’s permission. By motivating Nora’s deception, the attitudes of Torvald—and society—leave Nora vulnerable to Krogstad’s blackmail. Nora’s abandonment of her children can also be interpreted as an act of self- sacrifice. Despite Nora’s great love for her children—manifested by her interaction with them and her great fear of corrupting them—she chooses to leave them. Nora truly believes that the nanny will be a better mother and that leaving her children is in their best interest. What purpose does the reading and writing of the letters play in the story? How does it help reveal the nature of the situations? Many of the plot’s twists and turns depend upon the writing and reading of letters, which function within the play as the subtext that reveals the true, unpleasant nature of situations obscured by Torvald and Nora’s efforts at beautification. Krogstad writes two letters: the first reveals Nora’s crime of forgery to Torvald; the second retracts his blackmail threat and returns Nora’s promissory note. The first letter, which Krogstad places in Torvald’s letterbox near the end of Act Two, represents the truth about Nora’s past and initiates the inevitable dissolution of her marriage—as Nora says immediately after Krogstad leaves it, â€Å"We are lost.† Nora’s attempts to stall Torvald from reading the letter represent her continued denial of the true nature of her marriage. The second letter releases Nora from her obligation to Krogstad and represents her release from her obligation to Torvald. Upon reading it, Torvald attem pts to return to his and Nora’s previous denial of reality, but Nora recognizes that the letters have done more than expose her actions to Torvald; they have exposed the truth about Torvald’s selfishness, and she can no longer participate in the illusion of a happy marriage. Dr. Rank’s method of communicating his imminent death is to leave his calling card marked with a black cross in Torvald’s letterbox. In an earlier conversation with Nora, Dr. Rank reveals his understanding of Torvald’s unwillingness to accept reality when he  proclaims, â€Å"Torvald is so fastidious, he cannot face up to -anything ugly.† By leaving his calling card as a death notice, Dr. Rank politely attempts to keep Torvald from the â€Å"ugly† truth. Other letters include Mrs. Linde’s note to Krogstad, which initiates her -life-changing meeting with him, and Torvald’s letter of dismissal to Krogstad.

Julius Casear

Julius Casear Background Julius Caesar was born on the 13th day of the month Quintilis or July in the year of 100 B.C. His full name was Gaius Julius Caesar, the same as his father. Gaius was his given name and Julius was his surname. Caesar was the name of one branch of the Julian family. It's original meaning was "hairy." Caesar's family was not prominent, but they claimed to be descended from Venus. In spite of that fiction, Caesar was well connected through his relatives and received some important government assignments during his youth.Among other projects, he was sent to bring back a fleet of ships from Nicomedes IV of Bithynia. He was also honored for bravery at the siege of Mytilene when he was only twenty years of age.Several years later he left Rome to study in Rhodes but was captured by pirates. His relatives paid a ransom and Caesar was return.Bust of Julius Caesar from the British MuseumHe then hired private troops to capture the pirates, and had them executed. Going on to Rhodes, hi s studies were soon interrupted by the outbreak of war with Mithradates VI of Pontus in 74 B.C. Caesar again gathered a force and fought in that war.Caesar held a bunch of lower level political offices before becoming a Roman consul in 59 B.C. He then made an alliance now known as the "First Triumvirate" with two strong military leaders, Pompeii and Crassus. This First Triumvirate was very important in Rome's history.When Crassus died the two remaining triumvirs were at each other's heads. Pompeii had an army in the southern part of the Italian peninsula, including Rome. Caesar was in charge of an army in the north. He took his army across the Rubicon River (the dividing line between their regions) and there by started a...

20 Cloud Storage Solutions for Small Business

20 Cloud Storage Solutions for Small Business A small business always has a chance to grow, and for that, it needs to have easy-to-operate and manageable technologies. As such, cloud computing has become attractive to smaller organizations, since it makes it possible to meet demands more quickly and with fewer financial resources. In addition to decreasing network infrastructure spending, one of the major benefits of using the cloud is the ease of remote access to programs and services. Because all company information is available on the internet, there is no longer a need to install applications on computers and you can connect to the virtual server from anywhere, anytime. Program updates are also made automatically and the information is backed up. Cloud computing can transform the way companies conduct their business. Cloud computing is considered by many IT experts as a next-generation tool, capable of delivering cheaper, faster, portable and secure operations for large and small businesses. After all, anyone who works in the field knows that in order to deploy a new solution, the company has to go through a long purchase and deployment process to have the computing resources available, while a cloud provider provides the same resources in a much shorter time. In practice, the implementation of a new system is reduced from months to days. The comparison we will organize in different key points on each of the services with all the important data that we need to know. Among the points, we have the platforms, with which it is compatible, the free space they offer the price for that wide storage space, the limit of the files or the special features. Dropbox One of the most famous cloud storage services is also one of the most robust. The Dropbox has little room for storage in the free plan, but the user can expand this capacity. The idea of the company is to encourage people to share the service (each invitation sent, you get more space, for example). Dropbox is compatible with many systems and facilitates teamwork. The only drawbacks are the lack of tools for direct editing of documents (although the program syncs any edited files) and the inability to use an official app in Windows Phone. The prices of the plans paid are not absurd, but there are better competitors in this regard. Google Drive Googles product comes installed on almost every Androids and Chromebooks, making it an easy choice for anyone who already uses other company services. The Google Drive has considerable storage space, automatically syncs photos, has fast functions to share files and a tool for editing documents (text, spreadsheets, and presentations) and complete and intuitive. Whoever is at a disadvantage is Windows Phone and Linux users, but other systems are taken care of. Googles security system is very good and the cost-effectiveness of the paid plans are quite considerable and the most recommended service for those who need 100 MB, 1 TB or more of cloud storage. OneDrive The Microsoft OneDrive is one of the most complete and compensating products for those seeking a free solution. You get a good free amount of GBs to save documents, you have the option to sync photos, you can share several files and edit everything with Microsoft Office in its online version, which is robust but a great buster. It even comes in Windows 10 with a folder of its own so you can save documents much more easily. The security of OneDrive is enhanced, with the only disadvantage being the incompatibility with the Linux system. The prices of the paid plans are not the best, but it is an option to be considered by those who are also interested in signing the Office 365 package. Amazon Drive Yes, Amazon also thought of users who do not want to invest in storage (or want to test a cloud storage service) and ensure 5GB of upfront space for new Amazon CloudDrive 10 users. There is no option to increase the space via indication, only through the purchase of a storage space package. The web interface is nothing special. There are clients for Windows and Mac, but none for Linux. There are also Amazon CloudDrive apps for Android and iOS devices, Kindle as well as connectors for Amazon FireTV. Box The Box is one of the most reliable services in the world, being a well-balanced option in terms of space and security. Again, like some competitors, the disadvantage is the incompatibility with the Linux system, in addition to having the menus only in English (the only one free of this defect). In the free version, you can save individual files of up to 250 MB, but have 10 GB for this. The plan paid more in account also is not an absurd of expensive, but the available space is of only 100 GB without the option for annual payment. Mega The Mega 2 storage system became popular quickly (the system is about a year old) on account of its notorious owner, Kim DotCom, the same owner of the famous Megaupload share site, always involved in some scandal to raise The banner of freedom of file sharing. Mega, as well as Dropbox, allow you to send files from mobile devices through applications for Android, iPhone or Blackberry and also have sync clients for Windows. The Mega team is working on synchronization clients for Linux and Mac right now. Facilitators are always welcome, and the built-in mini-clients for Chrome and Firefox browsers are helpful and facilitate the direct storage of downloaded data from the Internet, downloads, and other files. The Mega gives the user 50GB free for storage of any types of files. The web interface of the application, as well as the interface for mobile devices, is extremely friendly and well made, with the most modern interactivity features just drag and drop your files into any folder creat ed in the system. Although space is quite generous from the beginning, it is not possible to gain more space in the system or even indicating other users. PromptFile Although PromptFile is a very simple site that does not have many features, it offers 250 GB of free storage space without upload or downloads limits. Files of any type can be sent from the computer via FTP and from a remote URL as long as they are not larger than 5 GB. You can also share files (except folders) with anyone, even if they do not have a user account, allowing you to stream music and videos without having to download them. Users report that you can not move files to folders unless you use the Cut and Paste function, so the drag-and-drop function is not supported. Also, it would not be possible to create folders by FTP. PromptFile can be used without registering an account, but larger restrictions apply to file size and storage limits. Hubic With hubiC, you get 25GB of file storage at no cost. Windows, Mac, and Linux (command line) users can install desktop software to upload files or use the web version. The mobile app can be used with Android, iOS, Windows Phone, and BlackBerry. The files and folders can be shared with anyone even if you are not a registered user hubiC. However, they must be set to be available for only 5, 10 or 30 days before the link expires. With a shared folder, visitors can download multiple files at once by downloading a single ZIP file. You can get up to 50 GB by pointing out other people. pCloud PCloud gives you 10 GB of free online storage, and through referrals from friends and other bonuses you can get up to 20 GB. A desktop client can be installed on Windows, Mac and Linux operating systems. There is also a mobile app for iOS and Android devices that are very intuitive and easy to use. PCloud supports adding files from a remote URL, as well as a single file, and uploading entire folders via a browser. Mobile apps can upload photos and videos directly to your pCloud account. Files and folders can also be shared with other users who do not use the service. Shared folders can even be downloaded as a ZIP file. In addition, pCloud allows upload links to be generated for your folders, allowing anyone to upload files to your account. A unique email address is also generated, which allows you (or anyone) to send email files directly to a folder in your pCloud account. You can also backup photos from your social media accounts like Facebook, Instagram, and Picasa. ADrive The ADrive is little known but has come to prominence in recent years when offered at no cost high storage space. However, now it only allows subscription plans. With Adrive, you can transfer files via FTP, use a desktop app and the online collaboration feature, and recover old versions of files saved via history. Do not be scared by the absence of gratuity: a number of options of the paid plans are also interesting. Bitcasa Bitcasa also offers an extremely secure service with encrypted files such as Mega. It gives you 20 GB of free space to your users, but you can reach impressive amounts of space for nothing cheap prices. It is also compatible with most platforms, either desktop or mobile. You can access the Bitcasa website SpiderOak To conclude, we have a service that is not as well known here but that stands out for the high level of security and privacy. With the zero knowledge system, SpiderOak guarantees that none of your files will be accessed in any way by third parties. He eliminated the free plan and established few and not very advantageous paid plan options, so choose it only in case you really prioritize the privacy of your data. In addition, this service is incompatible with Windows Phone. Copy Until you knew Copy 5, you really thought that free cloud storage systems could not get any better. But Copy came up to surprise. The system leaves absolutely nothing to be desired for its older market companions. With about two years of life, Copy was created by Barracuda (the same manufacturer of hard drives, everything to see, not?) As a form of advertising the company to foster the slogan We stored like no one. With free 15GB initials for any new user, Copy has clients for Android, Linux, Mac and Windows and its interface is fairly minimalist on both the computer and the web. Gaining more space through nominations turns out to be more beneficial than in other systems that practice this mode. For each nominated user who signs up and installs the Copy application, you will gain 5GB of space, meaning more than any other for each indication. JustCloud The JustCloud 6 model is very similar to the others shown in this article, however, the initial space is only 15MB. It really does seem like little, but every month you stay with your active account in the system, you will gain 1GB of space. So in 1 year, you will have 12GB of space, which is sometimes not achieved through indications in other systems. Other ways of getting space are indicated on the tools website. JustCloud has standard 256-bit encryption for any type of user account, which makes the security of your files much larger than in some market systems. MediaFire The MediaFire 7 storage system was born from an American startup with the same name and eventually became a system used by around 30 million users worldwide. Recently the mobile applications were released, but the users are very well served with standard Windows and Linux clients of the application. The user initially gains 10GB of storage space in a very nice and easy-to-use interface. The file size limit for the free version of the tool is 200MB per file. The initial space can be increased in several ways: get 2GB of additional space when installing the desktop client, 2GB when installing a client for a mobile device (Android or iPhone), 1GB when connecting MediaFire to your Facebook account and another 1GB per post An advertisement of the system in its timeline. By indicating users who register in the system, their space bonus can reach the limit of 32GB. Syncplicity The storage system with a name that combines synchronization (sync) with simplicity (simplicity) is none other than the companys security and storage EMC. Only this information already gives enough credibility to be worth the user testing the system. Initially, the user gains 2GB of storage space. Syncplicity 9 has applications for mobile devices such as Android and iPhone as well as desktop clients for Windows and Mac (unfortunately there is not yet a Linux client yet, but in a technical contact you know the Linux client is in development). The web version of the system really is quite poor, however the Android version, for is quite rich in details and features. Wuala Wuala 11 is a Swiss cloud storage system from a Zurich-based company that first wanted to solve its internal storage problems. They partnered with a French company specializing in storages, the Lacie and so were born the storage system provided in several paid plans with large storage capacity and a free plan with 5GB of space initially. It has clients for android, iPhone, Mac, Windows, Linux and Solaris. Unlike other systems, it does not have a web interface for sending files online. Everything is done through the clients for the most diverse platforms. The Wuala interface for Linux is very similar to that of any file manager, simple and functional. It is also possible to gain 1GB of additional space for each friend indicated who use the system, but the additional space limit is 10GB. Cubby The company that created the LogMeIn remote access application initially created Cubby 12 as an additional feature for customers who had a business or Pro account in LogMeIn. Then the company decided to provide the storage solution separately and was quite right in this choice. The Cubby has AES 256-bit encryption and gives the user 5GB of initial space, which can be incremented up to 25GB free through the recommendation of friendly users of the system, with 1GB of bonus for each friend indicated to use the system. ICloud Apples service is exclusive to users of Apple products (its not possible to use it without linking the account with a device running iOS or Mac OS X) via the web, through the PC, just for viewing which is stored in the cloud. However, iPhone and iPad enthusiasts can fully benefit from the many iCloud features. The Apple product saves almost all of your information in the cloud. Whether it be the contacts, the calendar, the calendar, the photographs or any other documents, everything is properly secured on the servers of Apple. The problem is that all this information consumes a lot of space and you end up having to pay for more if you want to save lots of files. Conclusion Precisely one of the services most used is Dropbox, which offers only 2GB of free cloud space, at the other end is MEGA, the service of Kim DotCom that offers us up to 50GB completely free. For an average user, the best option is always the one that offers us more free space, since if we want to upload some documents and synchronize the photos of the camera we do sporadically, it is the best option. For professional use, it is certainly best to have a payment plan that can offer up to one terabyte of cloud space. These factors must depend on our choice.

DESIGN SCENARIO Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DESIGN SCENARIO - Case Study Example In this type of metropolitan Area Network, all networking equipment are virtually hosted and connected to the network using Ethernet. Thus using the Ethernet to interconnect such services makes it easier for network operations, administration, and management and provisioning. Comcast is using this advantage of Metro Ethernet to attract more customers in California and its environs. As a result, more subscribers are joining this service. The Comcast metro network service is cost effective. Metro Service has characteristics that favor its cheap service. Metro Ethernet service has broad usage in all networking products. The inexpensiveness of the Ethernet interface makes it cheaper in all networking services. Secondly, the cost of equipment, service and operational is cheap. This makes Ethernet services to be cheaper. Comcast allows its subscribers to add bandwidth more incrementally; as a result each customer purchases the bandwidth according his / her use. Comcast has sub - divided its services into three classes. These classes offer different services at different bandwidth. These are premium, basic and priority. These services are offered in 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, and 10000 Gbps to Ethernet users and these interfaces and are available in an increment of 1Mbps to 10Gps. The Ethernet service provided by Comcast has the following specifications. It has Ethernet user – to – network interface. This service facilitates provision of bidirectional, full duplex transmission of Ethernet frames using standard IEEE 802.3 Ethernet interface (Comcast, 2013). This service supports up to 100

Auscultation and Spirometry Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Auscultation and Spirometry - Lab Report Example Therefore, it is necessary for the lab partner to expel as much air as feasible through this process in order to determine the exact expiratory volume. The tidal volume of an individual is the amount of air that an individual can move in the lungs during the breathing procedure (Marieb & Hoehn, 2010). According to the information, the tidal volume is approximately 500ml. Approximately 340ml reaches the alveoli while the rest of the air remains in the respiratory tract. However, this breathing procedure is heavily affected by factors such as exercise, weather conditions and medical conditions. In addition, there is a residual volume of air that keeps the respiratory system partly filled. COPD is an initial for the term chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Marieb & Hoehn, 2010). As previously stipulated, the tidal volume usually represents the volume of gas that is exchanged during every single ventilated breath. However, individuals with COPD are not able to exhale all the air in a single breath. Therefore, the tidal volume in these patients depends on the lung condition of the patient. In normal cases, individuals have a tidal volume of 5 to 8 mL/kg. In a normal individual, approximately 70% of the forced vital capacity is expelled. However, individuals who suffer from COPD produce a less ratio (Marieb & Hoehn, 2010). The severity of the conditions vastly affects the vital capacity of the individual. This asserts that individuals with the COPD condition produce a lower percentage of vital capacity due to complications in the respiratory

Lava Lamp Essay Example for Free

Lava Lamp Essay Getting Their Attention: How many of you own lava lamps? How many of you enjoy looking at Lava Lamps? Introducing Yourself and Relating The Topic to the Speaker: If youre like me you love looking at a lava lamp at night or if youre in your living room just hanging out its always a good thing to Just look at and keep your mind busy. IVe always found lava lamps very cool. Preview Your Points: Today I will show you 7 easy steps on how to make your very own personal lava lamp hat you can show to friends or keep for yourself. This is a very fun activity for kids or even for you to have on your own. Whats In It for Them? This easy to make lava lamp is very cheap to make and is much better than going out and purchasing an expensive one. This lava lamp can be used if youre trying to sleep and need a little light or is a fun activity you can show to kids or your own kids. Thesis Statement: This is a very fun and easy thing you can do for your own enjoyment. Transition: Like many projects lets start by gathering the materials. Body: 1. The first step is to gather the materials A. There are several supplies that are needed to make this lava lamp. 1. You will need Water. 2. The second item is a clear plastic bottle. 3. The third item is vegetable oil. 4. The fourth item is food coloring of your choice. 5. The fifth item is Alka-Seltzer tablets. Transition: Now that weve collected all the materials we can begin on our steps. 1. Pour water into the plastic bottle until it is around one quarter full (you might want to use a funnel when filling the bottle so you dont spill anything). Pour in vegetable oil until the bottle is nearly full. 3. Wait until the oil and water have separated. 4. Add around a dozen drops of food coloring to the bottle (choose any color you like). 5. Watch as the food coloring falls through the oil and mixes with the water. 6. Cut an Alka-Seltzer tablet into smaller pieces (around 5 or 6) and drop one of them into the b ottle, things should start getting a little crazy, Just like a real lava lamp! 7. When the bubbling stops, add another piece of Alka-Seltzer and enjoy the show! Conclusion: anyone. 2. The second step was gathering all the materials Water, Clear plastic bottle, vegetable oil, food coloring, and youre Alka-Seltzer. 3. The third step is Just following the 7 easy steps that you have learned today. 4. And fourth step is to enjoy your own personal lava lamp. Final Appeal: I hope this demonstration showed you guys a fun easy way to enjoy a lava lamp. I hope I inspired maybe a parent or someone to try this project. Concluding Statement: I hope everyone enjoyed this presentation and learned something fun and exciting today, Thank you.

The Hornets Nest Essay -- Expository Cause Effect Essays

The Hornet's Nest Without proper preparation, getting rid of a hornet's nest can cause more problems than it solves. Although I do not have first-hand experience, I can relay an incident explained to me by my mother regarding my father and the hornet's nest he came upon in their flowering crab tree. Suffering from the results of the incident, which can only be described as simultaneously hysterical and tragic, my father spent most of last week recovering from injuries that were both self and hornet-inflicted. His various comical and disastrous attempts to remove this nest from their property, and the resulting misery he endured, bring to mind a saying my high school English professor used frequently, "If you fail to plan, plan to fail." Under the guise of "heading out to do some yard work," my father took on the dubious and dangerous task of attempting to rid his treasured flowering crab tree of a hornet's nest, reported by my mother to be the size of a large, ripe watermelon. Armed with the starter for the barbeque, the garden hose and a rake, Dad approached the tree and offending nest with the determination of a front line soldier ordered to advance on the enemy line. His plan was to set the nest on fire (yes, while still attached to the tree) and then douse the ensuing inferno with the garden hose. Coming upon the nest, Dad stealthily lit the barbeque starter under the huge hornet hive and stepped back as it became engulfed in flames. With his trusty garden hose in hand, he immediately began his attempt to extinguish the flames before the tree, the house, the whole neighborhood caught on fire. Although the flames died down expediently, not all of the hornets perished in the blaze. A few survivors remained, and all... ... ice pack pressed to his neck. Three of the disenchanted beasts had pursued my father into the house and the crashing sounds were those of the ensuing chase and massacre in the living room. What were the results of this encounter? My father sustained bad stings to his neck, forearm and calf, a large bruise to his knee, and a stiff and sore back that threatened to halt his journey to work the following morning. It is apparent to me that the moral of this story is that proper preparation would have saved my father a great deal of pain and suffering. Had he taken a few simple precautions (wearing long sleeves and gloves, or perhaps making a quick call to an exterminator) perhaps the incident may never have occurred. According to the latest reports from my mother, the nest remains where it landed on the boulevard of their lawn and is still humming menacingly today.

Quality Check Point

After talking to some neighbors and friends, my husband decided to purchase a Tort 235 MPH blower. The customer service representative talked him into purchase the extended warranty service as well. After analyzing, the product decided to give it a rating from one to ten on the following specs: ; Quiet and powerful – 8 – The Tort blower is more powerful than most handheld gas-powered blowers are. The Tort is quieter and clean- running, it does not pollute the environment. Variable speed motor – 9 – The variable speeds are a great feature because you can blow around lanes without damaging them ; Low cost – 9 – With a cost of gas the electric Tort has seemed to be the right choice at the time. ; Lightweight – 7 -we have a good size yard so the weight seems to be an advantage but after using the unit the straps were quiet uncomfortable. ; Cord limited to 150 feet -2 – this product is design for small yards, one of the features no o ne option to let us know before we purchase this blower.The cords also get tangle very easily around bushes and rocks having to frequently stop to free it. ; Vacuum bag awkward. – 3 -the vacuum tube attachment is quite long and with the bag over your shoulder is very uncomfortable. The vacuum gets clog up very easy with wet leaves and it gets to be a burden because we have to take it apart to unclog it. ; Extended Warranty Service- 1 – The motor burned out on this unit Just two months after we purchase it.Trying to get a hold of a live person seems to be a challenge; we either get an automated service saying that we are calling after hours, to leave a message or to call during business hours. If we called during business hours, we either were put on hold for a long erred and after that, we got someone on the line that could hardly speak English, a total disappointment. After reviewing all the pros and cons of the Tort blower, I would rate this product at a five because even If works great on dry leaves It Jams very easily with wet leaves.It Is very uncomfortable to use for a long period due to the cord- getting tangle up easily around bushes and the vacuum attachment are too long making It Is very uncomfortable. References: Consumerists. Org retrieved from Google on December 7, 2010. Management: Challenges for Tomorrows Leaders (5th deed. ) P. S. Lewis, S. H. Goodman. M. Faint, and J. F. Michelson Thomson South-Western, 2007 Mason, OH seemed to be the right choice at the time. Lightweight – 7 – we have a good size motor burned out on this unit Just two months after we purchase it. Trying to get total disappointment. After reviewing all the pros and cons of the Tort blower, I would rate this product at a five because even if works great on dry leaves it Jams very easily with wet leaves. It is very uncomfortable to use for a long period due to the cord- making it is very uncomfortable. J. F. Masochistic Thomson South-Western, 2007 Mas on, OH

School leadership and social justice: Evidence from Ghana and Tanzania

This paper will be a critical analysis of the quality and rightness of the methods of informations aggregation and analysis in the paper produced by Bosu et Al. ( 2011 ) . I will try to supply with logical thinking, an apprehension for the grounds of the methods used in the instance surveies analysed and do usage of literature to supply back uping and opposing positions on the informations aggregation methods every bit good as its analysis. The context of the paper is set in the African states of Ghana and Tanzania, both considered 'emerging and developing economic systems ‘ harmonizing to the International Monetary Fund ( IMF, 2010, p. 152 ) . Three instance surveies are scrutinised, each with the subject of educational leading with undertones of societal justness nevertheless it is non clear what the aims of the research workers are, which is critical in a instance survey due to their being â€Å" wide in nature † ( Best, 2010a, p. 1 ) . Each was an explanatory instance survey, look intoing the consequences of determinations made by school leaders based upon informations collected utilizing an etic attack. In each instance survey there is a reappraisal of an action research run, where the facilitator was the caput instructor of a school. Two of the caput instructors, both from Ghana, attended an action research workshop where they were introduced to research techniques, there is no reference of the history of the Tanzanian caput instructor, or if they had received similar preparation. There is no lucidity of the research workers focus, be it the difference that go toing the workshop makes to the effectivity of action research, the difference caused by lodgers or merely the end point of changing methods of action research. At this occasion I shall try to reexamine the informations aggregation methods of each single instance survey, reasoning by reexamining the informations aggregation by the research workers, of the paper as a whole. Case Study: School A – Gold coast This instance survey had the focal point of trying to cut down adolescent gestations of members of the school in inquiry. To accomplish this, the caput teacher attempted to derive information from the community. There is clear grounds of the usage of interview techniques, notably the caput teacher keeping a ‘discussion ‘ with the PTA which was a focus-group interview. A focal point group interview does look allow in this instance as they are designed to â€Å" explicate and understand, the significances, feelings, beliefs and attitudes that influence the behavior of persons who are assumed to portion a common civilization, job or issue † ( Best, 2010b, p. 23 ) which in this instance seems to be pertinent despite a deficiency of information as to who is invited to the PTA and if they do hold a cognition of the country to be discussed. Maxwell ( 1997 ) explains the importance of purposive trying – of which this is grounds – saying â€Å" peculiar scene s, individuals, or events are intentionally selected for the of import information they can supply that can non be gotten every bit good from other picks † ( p. 87 ) . There is no clear indicant of the construction, although utilizing the word treatment, one could determine that the signifier of an in-depth interview was taken where the caput instructor had compiled a list of the issues to be covered and the interview construction was of a guided conversation. The proclamation of progressive betterment in footings of Numberss of gestations, and in reading accomplishments by the caput instructor was followed by a announcement that the intercession was a success. There is besides an indirect suggestion by the research workers that all communities and schools can work collaboratively facilitated by the caput instructor to turn to societal justness jobs. This is clearly grounds of a authoritative characteristic of the literature and observations of school betterment, as evidenced by Coe ( 2009, p. 368 ) , with instructors frequently declaring: ‘My school was neglecting in A, B, C ways. We did X, Y, Z. Now the grounds of success is P, Q, R ‘ Coe warns against doing summing ups that what is observed in one school may needfully be true for another ( ibid. ) Case Study: School B – Gold coast This instance surveies focus was that of trying to cut down hookies of students who on market yearss absented from school to do money. Harmonizing to the baseline informations collected by the caput instructor, utilizing quantitative informations beginnings such as registries and text books, there was a clear group of male childs identified with low attendings and hapless public presentation, this is an illustration of secondary analysis, which harmonizing to Lewis ( 2003, p. 76 ) is analyzing a set of informations which was originally used for one intent with a different intent. There was a meeting between the caput instructor and a instructor to make up one's mind upon an intercession, there is no reference of the format of this meeting or how the format of the intercession was taken. It was concluded that a focal point group interview with the students followed by single interviews. The quality of this information is arguably high, harmonizing to Best ( 2010b, p. 23 ) the group in terview can potentially supply ‘deeper and richer ‘ informations due to the societal interaction and inquiring of the group members. As with School A this is grounds of purposive sampling. The usage of single interviews besides allows for personal issues to be expressed, which participants may experience uncomfortable with showing in the group environment. This is grounds of usage of method triangulation in that the caput teacher used two different informations aggregation methods on the same group of students in order to increase the cogency of the informations. An chance to roll up farther information arose from the meetings with the parents, enabling the caput instructor to foreground a group of three students every bit high hazard due to parental indifference with respect to their kids ‘s instruction. The intent of these meetings were clearly to educate the parents, nevertheless it seems unintentionally critical information has come from them. Due to the intercession the caput instructor provided informations for attending as being 100 % , with increased degrees in mathematics and English, collected from monthly trials. The quality of these trials could be questioned every bit good as the instruction methods used as there is no information provided. One could oppugn if these kids were taught specifically to execute in trials. The caput instructor took this farther roll uping informations on six of the male childs after graduation to junior high school ; the consequences harmonizing to the research workers were sustained. Case Study: School C – Tanzania The instance of the Tanzanian caput teacher differed from the old instances due to the deficiency of history in relation to their experience in action research. The caput instructor, look intoing the consequence of poorness and hard place environments on the schooling of the students, attempted to reply some inquiries. The caput teacher ‘sought information ‘ from instructors, the format of which is unspecified, nevertheless due to the anterior readying and clear apprehension of the inquiries needed replying it could be suggested that there was an interview, utilizing a structured or semi-structured method. In add-on informations was collected from quantitative beginnings including, day-to-day attending records and trial and scrutiny consequences, every bit good as qualitative beginnings like category assignments and prep. In uniting multiple methods a research worker must be cognizant of equilibrating differing theoretical backgrounds with any ascertained relationships be tween the informations sets ( Brannen, 1992, p. 33 ) . It is the position of Ritchie ( 2003, p. 38 ) that there can be benefit in tackling the two methods provided that the two informations sets can be described exactly. There may be biographical histories within the category assignments or the prep which can supply critical information and â€Å" sensitise a research worker to identify issues † ( Plummer, 2001, p. 130 ) . This is supported by Angell and Freedman ( 1953 ) who explain that this signifier of information has great value at the get downing phases of research instead than the terminal stages in order to derive an apprehension of an probe, which is reflected in the methodological analysis of this instance survey. They emphasise the value of the apprehension that this type of informations can supply with regard to the topic of probe ( p. 305 ) . Harmonizing to Best ( 2010c ) the dependability of this attack is questionable nevertheless utilizing a theoretical generalization the informations can be used to beef up the cogency of a chosen theory or in this instance the signifier of an intercession ( p. 5 ) . It is of import at this phase to underscore the obvious ethical issues in this instance, ab initio due to the nature of the survey, look intoing students personal lives, and secondly due to the aggregation of the biographical information of students. Interviews were held with the students separately, presumptively utilizing the same set of inquiries. If this was the instance it would be grounds of usage of informations triangulation by the research worker, in that the same informations aggregation method was used on legion respondents in an effort to increase cogency of the consequences. All students insisted they enjoyed school and they felt that they could â€Å" freely show their jobs to instructors who were comparatively more caring and considerate than many of their parents and defenders † ( p. 75 ) . One could oppugn nevertheless if the responses were wholly true due to the nature of the relationship between the students and the caput instructor and if the students would supply different responses to a alien. There is grounds to propose that interviewees are more willing to supply true replies to aliens, although this statement relates specifically to online scenes instead than in face to confront interviews ( Paine et al. , 2007, p. 533 ; Nguyen and Alexander, 1996, p. 104 ; Wellman and Gulia, 1999, p. 172 & A ; 178 ) . Harrison ( 2008, p. forty ) highlights the importance of the ‘subjective ‘ nature of informations aggregation every bit good as how the relationship between the research worker and participant may ‘impinge ‘ on its cogency. An intercession similar to that in School A was held, with fluctuating consequences, with students neglecting to go to and execute good in monthly trials. There is a clear contrast from the consequences of the old instance surveies, nevertheless due to the nature of the description of the instance surveies it is ill-defined what the cause of assortment in consequences is. The research workers attempt to salve some sense of achievement by underscoring the sense of authorization of the caput instructor, where due to the fortunes, it would be probably that many would experience helpless. Provided is no grounds of the authorization of the caput instructor after the completion of the instance survey, every bit good as a deficiency of grounds for the innuendo that the fortunes would most likely generate a sense of weakness, taking to inquiries of the quality of informations analysis displayed in this instance. In the chief the informations analysed was qualitative, which as Harrison ( 2008 ) notes, has a different attack to analyzing quantitative informations, although there are attacks which aim to accomplish a comparable ‘routinization ‘ ( that is a modus operandi of analysis ) ( p. 51 ) . Chiefly there is the method of analyzing the construction of the text and based on Glaser and Strauss ‘ ( 1967 ) propositions, the designation of commonalties and relevant theory ( p. 105-106 ) . Evidence of usage of this methodological analysis is present with the research workers placing typical instances in each of the instance surveies, doing comparings with literature and adverting the ascertained differences between the Westernised literature and African world. Second there is the method of nonsubjective hermeneutics ( that is the survey of reading theory ) developed by Oevermann et Al. ( 1979, in Harrison, 2008, p. 51 ) . It involves the reading of the motivations behind an action, with research workers adhering to two rules ( Soeffner, 1997, p. xiv ; Harrison, 2008, p. 51 ) . The research worker should bring forth a extremely extended reading, supplying all points of position that the information may stand for nevertheless improbable, and look into the motive behind an action extensively before supplying any sentiment about the information. There is grounds that both of these rules have been neglected to some grade by the research workers ; there is a mostly unbalanced penchant towards the positives that action research has provided in these instances despite its clear failure in the survey of School C of which there is small mentioned. There is besides grounds of the informations being used to suit the statement, with a clear anterior co gnition of practise in Ghana that relates to the research carried out. Decisions Although the fact-finding attack of the research workers is by usage of instance surveies, it is besides biographical in nature as there is a clear narration produced, reflecting upon the experiences of the caput instructors. All three caput instructors participate in action research that affects them straight, harmonizing to Erben ( 1993, p. 15 ) this is good pattern for a biographical research worker ; supported by Mills ‘ statement, as explained by Best ( 2010c, p. 7 ) that frequently ‘personal jobs are public issues. ‘ It is clear that the research workers feel they have obtained critical informations from the instance surveies that strengthens their stance on action research as a method of school betterment ( p. 75-76 ) . There is clear grounds of varied interview methods including single and focus-group interviews with varying construction, with more than one method used in the instances. One could propose that the rules of method triangulation could besides use for analyzing the usage of different interview attacks. Although there is fluctuation in the method of informations aggregation, the literature suggests that there are informations aggregation methods that were non utilised in this paper, such as questionnaires, ocular analysis ( exposure, picture, being present ) , on-line interviews or usage of informations analysis package to explain qualitative informations. It could be suggested that a more complete, higher quality of informations could hold been accumulated had there been more fluctuation in the techniques used by the caput instructors in the instance surveies, inquiries can so be raised about the quality of the action research workshop. Bearing in head the context of the instance surveies, it is apprehensible that in developing states, there may non be every bit much entree to computing machines and hence electronic mail, and that people may non hold every bit much clip to pass on informations aggregation because of a demand to be at work to do money. The information that was collected nevertheless was utile to each caput teacher, evidenced by a considered attack to each intercession warranting the information as appropriate for each instance. The decisions drawn by the research workers focus on the positives that action research offers, and the chances it offers, in these instances to the caput instructors, schools and communities ( p. 75-76 ) . The writers nevertheless are involved in the administration at the caput of the undertaking which has hereafter purposes to supply service in developing states ( p. 69-70 ) . The quality of the analysis is besides questionable, Harrison ( 2008 ) high spots two attacks to analyzing qualitative informations, and the research workers have merely displayed grounds of the usage of one of these. Although the intent of the probe clearly has value, covering with issues of societal justness, one could presume that the writers have non taken a entirely humanistic attack. Due to their engagement and the wholly affirmatory nature of the decisions drawn, it is right to oppugn the objectiveness of the research workers as there may be an component of politically oriented rating evident ( Best, 2 010d, p. 1-2 ) .

Ðhe age of sixteen comes around Essay Example

Еhe age of sixteen comes around Essay Example Еhe age of sixteen comes around Essay Еhe age of sixteen comes around Essay Initially, when the age of sixteen comes around, a person chooses to be a licensed driver. This is a responsibility for that person to drive safe. Additionally, a sixteen year old has to obey traffic laws. This is a responsibility because if a sixteen year old does not obey the rules, a negative consequence will happen. A sixteen year old also has to keep a budget for the car. They usually have to keep the car clean and in good repair. In addition, a sixteen year old also has, an important part in society, as he/she is required to pay attention to their driving, as well as those driving around them. This is considered an adult because the person is responsible for the actions that might happen. This is a reason why the sixteen year-old people want to drive. Furthermore, a person at age sixteen can choose to be in school. This is another adult like responsibilities. Since the person can choose to be in school, it has made the person think like an adult. The other issue is that a person can now be more responsible. The reason why most sixteen year olds stay in school is that they want to expand their education. Most sixteen-year-olds know that if they have a better education, they would have a better job that would have a better income. Winston Churchill had a passion to learn and that is why he became the Prime Minister of Great Britain. This is what the reward is when people do well in school. Additionally, a sixteen year-old person now also has to start think about career goals in life. Since a sixteen can have part-time jobs, this is crucial for a person that is starting to think about career jobs. A sixteen year-old person also might have to pay income taxes. A sixteen year old has also planned for the post-secondary institution is crucial to getting a high paying job. Most often, a sixteen-year-old person also does not think about relationships yet because they are too young. It also takes up valuables learning time. Albert Einstein started thinking about his career goals when he was sixteen. He went on to becoming very famous. This is a responsibility because people that work nowadays are usually adults. In summary, sixteen year-old people should be considered adults because they can drive, choose to be in school, and when they choose their career goal. Wisdom comes by means of the acknowledgment of responsibilities and not become older.

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SWOT Analysis of Fischertechnik

SWOT Analysis of Fischertechnik ABOUT THE COMPANY The name fischertechnik comes from an original construction toy brand, which was invented by Artur Fischer in 1964. Initially, this brand was intended to be a Christmas novelty gift in Germany for industrial client level engineers and buyers.It proved to be a massive success and thus, the company introduced its first building block construction toy in 1965. From there on, there has been no looking back. The official name of the whole group of companies is fischerwerke GmbH Co. KG. It is based in Waldachtal near Stuggart Germany and started operations officially from 1965. Fans usually refer to the company as FT or ft. The total turnover of the entire fischer group of companies is over 545 million Euros with over 3,800 employees worldwide. fischertechnik is one of the divisions in the group of companies, concerned with the design and manufacturing of innovative engineering based construction toys. The company has its operations spread over many countries in the world, 33 to be precise, in which the most significant ones in terms of presence therein, are United States of America (USA), Japan, and of course, the home country Germany. The company has production centers in 16 countries and distribution in over 100 countries. It is currently headed by Klaus Fischer (59), who is the owner and CEO of the entire fisher group. fischertechnik claims to produce world-renowned engineering-based construction toys, so as to foster interest in these subjects among the young which is why it is no surprise that the companys tag line is building blocks for life. Building blocks refer to the pieces or parts of the complete toy, which are usually marketed in a disconnected form. Such toys are called construction toys, since the purchaser of the product is expected to connect the parts in a logical manner so as to construct the complete model. This sort of marketing is very attractive, especially for young kids, who derive a sense of accomplishment from constructing such toys. And it definitely does kindle a scientific interest and encourage creativity in the minds of youngsters. In the following paragraphs, only the fischertechnik division of the fischer group of companies is discussed, and all the facts, figures, strategies and suggestions provided in the text are related only to this division. Product History and Present Scenario As mentioned earlier, the basic line of fischertechnik is the creation of construction toys, which consists of building blocks that can be connected together to form a certain toy model. However, this is a grossly incomplete description of the gigantic range and types of products that the company produces. Initially, the company started off with the basic construction toy model, invented by Artur Fischer. However, in the 1970s, the company started manufacturing on a large scale, models with large number of pieces or building blocks, of channel and groove design, in which pegs protruding from the sides of the blocks could be used to connect to other blocks and construct the complete model. Of course, original models were completely of a mechanical nature, with no electrical or electronic elements to perform any automatic control tasks. Soon, the company started producing sophisticated mechanical models such as trains and bridges, and even included relatively simple measurement devices to calculate various relevant parameters related to the toys such as angles and distances. These toys used mostly hard nylon as material for the pieces or building blocks. As time moved on, the company started manufacturing automotive vehicle models such as tower cranes, and included electric motors, power sources and gears to mobilize the same. These products were used primarily by engineers to simulate and teach industrial robotics. These products were further advanced by the incorporation of electrical and electronic components of the likes of micro-switches and photocells for the purpose of position sensing and feedback control. Later, the company launched its first basic electronic block called the Grundbaustein, which consisted of Op-Amps and Schmitt Triggers, so that Delay Line circuits could be built. In the later part of 1970s, electronic binary-logic modules such as OR, NOR, AND, NAND, Flip-Flops were also included so as to provide means for making elementary branching decisions. Around the late 1980s, CPU modules that could perform process-control were also included so that sequential movements could be pre-programmed. This was first execute d using the Lucky-Logic (LLWIN) software, developed by the company. Today, the company uses all state of the art technologies that the engineering and scientific world has produced in the fields of process control and automation, in a variety of its products. These products include ROBO TX Explorer kit and Robo-pro software (which is the successor to LLWIN), amongst many others. COMPETITION The major world-wide competitor of fischertechnik is Lego, which is far more popular and easily available in USA and even Europe. Although initially in the three major lines, namely Expert, Technic and Mindstorm, Lego was unable to match the technical and flexibility level of fischertechnik, but soon after the launch of Lego Mindstorms NXT in 2006, the former surpassed the latter in a number of technical areas such as color sensing. After this, Lego overtook fischertechnik in the production of the most advanced construction toy models in the world and the latter moved down to the production of less technical, simplified and fun toys, primary for educational purposes. However, on its own, fischertechnik is a huge brand and has a strong presence in the construction toy market all over the world and is much bigger than any other brand apart from Lego. ENTERING UAE: ADVANTAGES It is well known that UAE is one of the most prosperous countries of the world, and for the past few years, has been developing at a lightening pace. This pace continues to increase by the day. In general, the people in UAE are wealthy and have tremendous monetary resources, ready to be tapped and mobilized. Not only is the wealth tremendous, but the total population especially in the metropolitan cities like Dubai and Abu Dhabi is also very large. Thus, demand for all sorts of products in UAE is huge. This makes UAE an attractive market for a number of multinational corporations. A number of world famous brands have set up operations of production as well as distribution all over UAE, to tap this huge demand. And as time passes, more and more companies would continue to enter. Due to this huge monetary reserve in the hands of the common people, and a ready demand for all kinds of products, as mentioned earlier, a new trend amongst corporations working in all spheres of business has come about. This is, to start a new enterprise (for new entrepreneurs) or to launch a brand (for existing corporations) in UAE. This is no surprise, since the early sales figures of products of such is very large, and creates an impression in the minds of consumers everywhere in the world. Thus, UAE has become an extremely attractive location for the launch of new companies or products of existing ones. The aforementioned reasons are enough to imply that a brand, especially one as big as fischertechnik does not need to think twice before entering UAE. Of course, there are a number of pre-requisites and formalities that need to be fulfilled before business can be setup in the country. This is discussed in the next section. In the present section, we limit our discussion to the specific advantages and constraints attached to entering UAE. Regarding this, we discuss the kind of demand that is likely to be there in UAE by analyzing the present demand and import scenario in the toy industry, the kinds of consumers that can be targeted, and the kind of problems that the company would be likely to face. Due to the huge amount of developmental activities, migration has been tremendous in the UAE. Thus, there has been a population explosion in the UAE in the past decade or so. This is particularly true in the case of bigger cities such as Dubai and Abu Dhabi. The growing economy of the country has led to a fast increasing population rate, which has in-turn led to a huge increase in the demand for all kinds of products, which is the case with construction toy products as well. The total import of toys, which includes baby accessories in Dubai alone, was valued over 603 million Dirham in 2009. There has been an increasing demand for toys, as mentioned earlier, due to the great population in the country for the past few years, and this has led to a corresponding steady increase in the total import of toys in the country. It is interesting to note that in 2007 alone, the total rise in the import of toys was 16%. Another important indicator of the increase in demand for toys in UAE is the rapid decrease in the re-export of toys. However, what is significant to note here is that a major part of the demand for toys is met from import only, as there are hardly any local toy manufacturers in UAE. Companies like Lego and Toys R Us, have been selling their products in UAE, to take advantage of this deficit in local demand and supply. Thus there is great scope for foreign companies exporting into UAE. A smarter exercise, however, for such foreign companies would be to set up local production facilities, such as industrial plants, so that products could be produced domestically to avoid extra costs incurred during export of goods. This applies most appropriately to fischertechnik, because it is a very progressive company with a good financial standing and also because it has very little presence or popularity presently in the UAE. This lack of presence could be used as an advantage by fischertechnik, through, say for instance, a mega initial launch. However, a discussion of the implementation of this strategy is presented in detail later. Another very important point to be noted here is that presently most of the toys are imported by UAE from Asian countries like China, and a small portion is from Europe, USA and Canada. The total share in terms of import is approximately 90% from Asia and 10% from others. On top of this, there is presently, a great deal of diffidence in the minds of consumers towards purchasing Asian goods, since the quality and safety of such goods has been in question in the recent days. This further provides a good opportunity for foreign companies especially from Europe such as fischertechnik to enter the UAE markets, to establish themselves and beat a dying, or at least falling competition from their Asian counterparts. An analysis of the type of consumers who are most likely to purchase products of companies like fischertechnik is an extremely important pre-requisite for beginning or expanding operations into a new country. As mentioned earlier, the high population of UAE provides a huge pool of kids who are potential consumers of toys. However, there is a specific advantage connected to UAE in this regard. UAE is at the zenith of its development, and in the days to come, there will be a huge requirement of engineers and scientists in the country. Of course, it is best for any developing country, if this requirement is fulfilled domestically itself. Most parents in UAE, along with the government understand this present and future need, which is clearly exemplified from the fact that a number of excellent centers of technical education are have been set up over the years in the country. However, it is well known that simply providing good higher education is not enough. Kids have to be nurtured from a very young age, if this demand has to be met. For most parents, it is a dream to see their child become an engineer or a scientist because, and this is particularly true in UAE, they know that it would prove to be a prosperous career. This emotion can be utilized by fischertechnik for its expansion, the strategy for which is discussed later. Thus, to reach the ultimate consumers, i.e., young children, a route through their parents needs to be exploited. Thus, strategies have to be devised so that parents can be induced into buying the toys for their children. Another class of consumer consists of industrial level engineers and teachers who can use high-tech simulation type toy models, to provide for their employees and students respectively, better insight into the working of practical machines. For instance, teachers in a mechanical engineering class could use vehicle simulation toy models for showing the students the real working of such machines. This would make learning more effective and at the same time more enjoyable. Even for big companies, project relate discussions can be made more effective through simulation as well as modelling of the final project, for instance a model of a building when a construction project is being discussed. The existence of Free Trade Zones is a great advantage for any foreign company to setup operations in UAE. Many companies in various sectors such as networking, communications etc have already setup their business centers in UAE. These Free Trade Zones provide access to over 1.5 billion consumers in various countries of Africa, Asia and Europe, since ports in UAE are big trading centers and lie on many of the important trade routes of the world. This allows a great scope of future expansion of companies to nearby nations. However, this is just a secondary advantage of setting up operations in UAE. The Free Trade Zones have one hundred percent corporate tax exemption, zero taxes applicable on personal income, whether domestic or foreign, and no commercial levies. For a company having 51% domestic ownership there is no import duty applicable, however, companies having full foreign ownership are subjected to a 4% import duty. But this can be avoided through a collaborative setup or even through the setup of production centers within the country itself. There are no foreign exchange control or currency restrictions either. Apart from this, there is one hundred percent repatriation of capital as well as profit for foreign investors, which allows them to transfer their entire funds without any hassles. Such great incentives have been provided to foreign investors to speed up the process of development of the country through entry of huge amount of foreign capital. All these can be easily exploited by fischertechnik for its businesses in UAE. The legislative framework within the country is also very favorable for foreign investors. So, setting up of new businesses becomes an extremely simple process for most people. The laws regarding formal aspects of business setup or even expansion are very client friendly, which makes UAE an attractive location for new entrepreneurs since they do not have to face any obstacles. An example of the favorable laws is that companies can operate 24 hours a day, unlike those in most other countries. Plus, the regulation of businesses is extremely efficient which aims to protect the interests of all investors. Apart from the above, another huge advantage of expanding business into UAE is that the banking sector is very sophisticated and provides state of the art services and schemes to their clients. Such an ultra-modern and progressive banking sector has developed due to easing of laws are regulations for speeding up developmental activities in the country. The banking sector is highly confidential which ensures that all high risk financial matters are private. Also, the financial sector of UAE is extremely modern and provides all the best available products for corporations to use. For instance, corporations have easy access to modern financial instruments such as futures and options that can be used to hedge any risks arising in business. On top of this, a number of top financial consultancy firms and hedge funds have setup their offices in UAE, and provide services to other corporations. Thus, financial services of the best possible kind are easily available to companies. The stock mar kets in UAE are also extremely developed and provide easy access to all financial instruments and cheap and effective trading. Moving on to the infrastructure facilities available to companies, it is well known that UAE provides excellent and most diverse infrastructure available anywhere in the world. There are extremely sophisticated communication facilities available to companies. Apart from this, the security related services provided to corporate firms are also very advanced. All of the aforementioned advantages of expanding into UAE make it obvious that fischertechnik must enter the UAE markets as soon as possible, seeing the great benefits that it offers and the fact that till now these advantages have not been fully exploited by similar countries yet. FORMAL PRE-REQUISITES For performing business related activities in the UAE, any company needs to acquire a license. This license can be of three types namely, commercial, which is for all kinds of trading activities, industrial, which is for production or manufacturing activities and lastly, professional, for professional services and craftsmen. However, with regard to fischertechnik, only the first two types are of significance, since a major strategy for expansion would be to setup production and manufacturing activities in UAE, for which trading activities for purposes of hedging etc would be indispensable. Apart from this, the ownership of companies within UAE can be of two types. The first is partnership type of company, in which 51% of the ownership of the company is with a UAE national and the rest 49% is owned by the investor. Thus, for setting up such a company, fischertechnik would have to for a collaborative alliance with a domestic company in UAE. The second type of ownership is called Sole ownership, in which the investor has full control over the company. For this, the company has to setup its business within a Free Trade Zone only. There are, however, some restrictions on the type of business transactions that can be done outside the designated Free Trade Zone. For fischertechnik, a combination of the two ownership types would be most beneficial. For its production activities, it could form a joint venture company with another UAE based corporation, which performs a related business, while for its marketing activities, it could use the Sole Ownership type of company setup, and distribute its products through authorized dealers, since companies having Sole Ownership cannot directly sell their products in domestic markets. This sort of a combination would help fischertechnik in marketing its own brand, while maintaining steady production in collaboration with another company. SWOT ANANLYSIS OF FISCHERTECHNIK The SWOT analysis of fischertechnik is presented as follows: Strengths: fischertechnik has much significant strengths which are presented here one by one. Firstly, it is a huge brand, renowned all over the world, in the field of construction toys and is the best known brand specifically for constructions toys for educational purposes. It has an excellent record of financial performance in the past and has ownership of huge amount of monetary resources, which can be channelized into production and marketing related activities in business in UAE. This financial record gives fischertechnik excellent credit rating, which in-turn can help it to obtain local financing from domestic banks in UAE in the form of loans, very easily. This can help in hastening the start of business by quick setup of industrial and manufacturing plants as well as corporate offices. fischertechnik is the second biggest company in the field of construction toys, second only to Lego, thus it would not face competition from any other company in the area. Since Lego has very l imited operations presently in UAE, it would make fischertechnik an unsurpassable brand once it begins operations. It should be noted that although fischertechnik is next to Lego but the difference between the two is very less and if the former is able to establish a good image in UAE first, then the latter would not be able to overcome this image by entering the UAE market afterwards. Also, it is important to mention that fischertechnik is a very old company, 45 years to be exact, and thus has a pool of experienced and skilled staff possessing excellent technical expertise in the field of process control, which includes aspects of electrical, mechanical, electronics and computer engineering. The company uses the most sophisticated technologies in engineering and specifically in process control in its products, and the technical department, consisting of both experienced engineers as well as innovative minded freshers, who are recruited through an excellent selection process, of fis chertechnik continuously work towards discovering new technologies and incorporating innovative ideas into its products. Apart from these, the company produces a wide range of products for many all age groups including children and adults. Lastly, it is relevant to mention that the company has tremendous managerial expertise and organizational stability. Weaknesses: Although fischertechnik has very few weaknesses, it is relevant to mention them here. Fischertechnik has very small presence in UAE. Its business operations in UAE are very limited and in the inaugural phase. Although its small presence can be used as an advantage, this discussion is presented in the next section. However, limited presence can prove to be disastrous if business operations are not established speedily. This means that if a company like Lego which is the major competitor of fischertechnik senses the slowness in establishment of business operation of the latter, through speedy operation it can surpass and destroy the competitive advantage of the limited presence of the same. Since fischertechnik is a German company, the core employees of the same may not be able to adjust easily to the corporate practices and consumer behavior of the domestic markets of UAE. As a solution to this, the company would probably resort to the recruitment of local staff. Another r eason for recruitment of local staff is that it is mandatory for foreign companies to maintain a certain percentage of local employees within the total workforce. However, this local staff would face difficulty in adjusting to the corporate practices of a foreign company. Of course, this problem would need to be solved through an effective Human Resource Management strategy on the part of the company, which is definitely not an insurmountable task for a company of the likes of fischertechnik. Opportunities: As mentioned earlier, due to the huge amount of developmental activities in UAE, there has been a population explosion in the country. This automatically implies that there is a huge demand for consumer goods such as construction toys, due to the existence of a large number of families. Apart from this, because of setting up of a large number of institutes of higher education in the recent past, the demand for simulation models as educational tools would also be high. This means that fischertechnik has huge scope of revenue generation by supplying this huge demand. Again, setting up of new businesses and expansion thereafter is very simple in UAE, due to the liberal trade policies followed by the government. This is because UAE is a liberal economy and is extremely committed to free trade. Thus, these provide significant opportunities to fischertechnik to begin its operations at an appropriately fast pace. Also, as given in detail in the next section, the limited prese nce of fischertechnik in UAE presently can be used as a significant advantage. Threats: The most important threat is that if fischertechnik is slow in setting up its initial operations, no matter how sound its business plan may be, its rival competitor Lego can detect its main intentions and adopt strategies to work fast and finish the competitive advantage of the former. This is also because Lego already has some presence in UAE and for expansion it would take less time as compared to the time fischertechnik would take to establish itself from scratch. Another major threat that fischertechnik is likely to face is that the core employees of the company, who are mostly German, would find it difficult to adapt to the local conditions and similarly, the local staff would not be able to adapt to the corporate practices of the company. This problem is extremely significant and if an effective Human Resource Management strategy is not adopted, it could destroy all scope of existence of the company in UAE. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF FISCHERTECHNIK The PESTEL analysis of fischertechnik is as given below. It consists of all the macro-economic factors that affect the growth of fischertechnik in UAE. Political Factors: The present political environment of UAE is conducive to the growth of any company, and fischertechnik is no exception to the rule. The company should take full advantage of the liberal regulatory setup, which promotes the development of the economy, which automatically implies the growth of the company as well. As mentioned earlier, various tax exemptions which include exemption on corporate as well as personal earnings, free trade zones etc clearly exemplify this pro-development attitude of the UAE government. Fischertechnik, being a huge company would obviously receive a warm welcome and special treatment from the government of UAE, since its presence in the market would greatly increase the overall development of the country. Economic Factors: The great financial record of fischertechnik would undoubtedly help its initial setup. The overall consumer attitude in UAE is excellent from the point of view of any company, and consumers are always looking to buy products of companies which are reliable and have a good past record. The worldwide brand image of fischertechnik would help it to take advantage of such consumer attitude. If the company pays attention and highlights that it uses local resources, generates employment and works in a manner keeping sustainability, the confidence of consumers is greatly increased. fischertechnik needs to use such a marketing strategy to promote itself so as to strongly setup its business operations in UAE. Social Factors: The population of UAE is diverse, especially due to the great amount of developmental activities going on in the country. Thus, the population consists of all types of consumers. But in general, the populace of UAE is pro-development and if the company keeps in mind not to delve into controversies that affect the religious or spiritual aspects of the life of the people of the country, a rapid growth rate is virtually assured. Technological Factors: Again, due to the tremendous amount of developmental work going on in the country, a number of companies have set themselves up in UAE. This has resulted in a near perfect competition in the domestic markets of UAE. Such competition always promotes the use of latest technology and to an extent, healthy sharing of technologies between companies engaged in the same business. With such a scenario in the market and with the strong technological experience of the fischertechnik, which is known to be a company that perpetually comes out with new and innovative products, there is no doubt that the company would be able to establish itself in UAE within no time. Legal Factors: As mentioned earlier, the pro-development attitude of the UAE government has resulted in a relaxed set of laws and regulations governing the corporate sector. In the past, fischertechnik has not been involved in any controversies that involve legal issues and need to maintain such a record during its operations in UAE. With many Asian toy companies facing legal problems presently, in light of allegations from various entities within UAE that the goods they have exported to UAE are not safe, it is the perfect opportunity for fischertechnik to once and for all destroy its competition by promoting itself as a safe toymaker. Environmental Factors: fischertechnik needs to adopt a pro-environment attitude that promotes sustainability. As a company that promotes science and engineering, it has already established its technological dominance over many companies in the same business. However, a business setup that keeps in mind the environment, which includes green building for its corporate offices and manufacturing facilities that have reduced carbon emissions etc, on the part of fischertechnik can go a long way in the growth of the company in UAE. WAYS TO ENTER: STRATEGIES After the completion of the pre-requisite formalities, the following strategies would be most effective for fischertechnik for its expansion in UAE. fischertechnik should begin its operations by setting up multiple manufacturing facilities and industrial plants at various locations in UAE. The number of corporate offices should be kept low and distributional activity should be outsourced to a large number of authorized dealers and distributors. Such a strategy for the initial setup of business would be very effective because it would remove any scope of import duty and the cost incurred in movement of goods from outside the country would be avoided. This has not been done by any of the toy companies including Lego in their operations in UAE and thus they have to incorporate the extra cost in the prices of their products. Therefore, fischertechnik products would be priced lower compared to others and this would provide a definite competitive advantage to the company. Complete financing should not be from the personal savings of the company and a large part of the financing should be obtained in the form of loans from banks and other financial institutions. This is because corporate savings need to be retained for payment of dividends etc and to take care of any sudden cash payment liabilities that may arise. Also, since UAE has an extremely sophisticated and well established banking system, the loans for setting up business are offered at lower rates, and are usually coupled with attractive and profitable schemes. This should definitely be exploited. The initial target locations should be the metropolitan cities of Dubai and Abu Dhabi. This is because they have the highest population density and thus the biggest pool of prospective consumers. Through multiple authorized dealers for distribution, the volume of products supplied to the cities should be high from the beginning itself. This would generate high revenue from the beginning and would also provide valuable information about the consumer behavior in the domestic market of UAE. After this initial phase, the subsequent targets should be smaller cities which include the capitals of the seven Emirates of UAE amongst others. Next, the strategy to be used to take advantage of the limited presence of fischertechnik in UAE currently is presented. The first aim should be the organization of multiple mega-launch events simultaneously across various parts of the two metropolitan cities of Dubai and Abu Dhabi. This includes large scale exhibitions and sale offers. For such events, special attention needs to be given to the ambience of the same, through the use of attractive banners, posters and pamphlets. This should be coupled with an attractive exhibition of toys, which would include the best products of fischertechnik. Special toys, exclusively for consumers of UAE could also be prepared. A good looking inaugural event is very important to make an impression in the minds of consumers. This effect is much more effective on kids, who would be the ultimate consumers of fischertechnik products. To cater to the special needs and demands of the consumers, a survey should be conducted before these events to find ou t the same, so tha SWOT Analysis of Fischertechnik SWOT Analysis of Fischertechnik ABOUT THE COMPANY The name fischertechnik comes from an original construction toy brand, which was invented by Artur Fischer in 1964. Initially, this brand was intended to be a Christmas novelty gift in Germany for industrial client level engineers and buyers.It proved to be a massive success and thus, the company introduced its first building block construction toy in 1965. From there on, there has been no looking back. The official name of the whole group of companies is fischerwerke GmbH Co. KG. It is based in Waldachtal near Stuggart Germany and started operations officially from 1965. Fans usually refer to the company as FT or ft. The total turnover of the entire fischer group of companies is over 545 million Euros with over 3,800 employees worldwide. fischertechnik is one of the divisions in the group of companies, concerned with the design and manufacturing of innovative engineering based construction toys. The company has its operations spread over many countries in the world, 33 to be precise, in which the most significant ones in terms of presence therein, are United States of America (USA), Japan, and of course, the home country Germany. The company has production centers in 16 countries and distribution in over 100 countries. It is currently headed by Klaus Fischer (59), who is the owner and CEO of the entire fisher group. fischertechnik claims to produce world-renowned engineering-based construction toys, so as to foster interest in these subjects among the young which is why it is no surprise that the companys tag line is building blocks for life. Building blocks refer to the pieces or parts of the complete toy, which are usually marketed in a disconnected form. Such toys are called construction toys, since the purchaser of the product is expected to connect the parts in a logical manner so as to construct the complete model. This sort of marketing is very attractive, especially for young kids, who derive a sense of accomplishment from constructing such toys. And it definitely does kindle a scientific interest and encourage creativity in the minds of youngsters. In the following paragraphs, only the fischertechnik division of the fischer group of companies is discussed, and all the facts, figures, strategies and suggestions provided in the text are related only to this division. Product History and Present Scenario As mentioned earlier, the basic line of fischertechnik is the creation of construction toys, which consists of building blocks that can be connected together to form a certain toy model. However, this is a grossly incomplete description of the gigantic range and types of products that the company produces. Initially, the company started off with the basic construction toy model, invented by Artur Fischer. However, in the 1970s, the company started manufacturing on a large scale, models with large number of pieces or building blocks, of channel and groove design, in which pegs protruding from the sides of the blocks could be used to connect to other blocks and construct the complete model. Of course, original models were completely of a mechanical nature, with no electrical or electronic elements to perform any automatic control tasks. Soon, the company started producing sophisticated mechanical models such as trains and bridges, and even included relatively simple measurement devices to calculate various relevant parameters related to the toys such as angles and distances. These toys used mostly hard nylon as material for the pieces or building blocks. As time moved on, the company started manufacturing automotive vehicle models such as tower cranes, and included electric motors, power sources and gears to mobilize the same. These products were used primarily by engineers to simulate and teach industrial robotics. These products were further advanced by the incorporation of electrical and electronic components of the likes of micro-switches and photocells for the purpose of position sensing and feedback control. Later, the company launched its first basic electronic block called the Grundbaustein, which consisted of Op-Amps and Schmitt Triggers, so that Delay Line circuits could be built. In the later part of 1970s, electronic binary-logic modules such as OR, NOR, AND, NAND, Flip-Flops were also included so as to provide means for making elementary branching decisions. Around the late 1980s, CPU modules that could perform process-control were also included so that sequential movements could be pre-programmed. This was first execute d using the Lucky-Logic (LLWIN) software, developed by the company. Today, the company uses all state of the art technologies that the engineering and scientific world has produced in the fields of process control and automation, in a variety of its products. These products include ROBO TX Explorer kit and Robo-pro software (which is the successor to LLWIN), amongst many others. COMPETITION The major world-wide competitor of fischertechnik is Lego, which is far more popular and easily available in USA and even Europe. Although initially in the three major lines, namely Expert, Technic and Mindstorm, Lego was unable to match the technical and flexibility level of fischertechnik, but soon after the launch of Lego Mindstorms NXT in 2006, the former surpassed the latter in a number of technical areas such as color sensing. After this, Lego overtook fischertechnik in the production of the most advanced construction toy models in the world and the latter moved down to the production of less technical, simplified and fun toys, primary for educational purposes. However, on its own, fischertechnik is a huge brand and has a strong presence in the construction toy market all over the world and is much bigger than any other brand apart from Lego. ENTERING UAE: ADVANTAGES It is well known that UAE is one of the most prosperous countries of the world, and for the past few years, has been developing at a lightening pace. This pace continues to increase by the day. In general, the people in UAE are wealthy and have tremendous monetary resources, ready to be tapped and mobilized. Not only is the wealth tremendous, but the total population especially in the metropolitan cities like Dubai and Abu Dhabi is also very large. Thus, demand for all sorts of products in UAE is huge. This makes UAE an attractive market for a number of multinational corporations. A number of world famous brands have set up operations of production as well as distribution all over UAE, to tap this huge demand. And as time passes, more and more companies would continue to enter. Due to this huge monetary reserve in the hands of the common people, and a ready demand for all kinds of products, as mentioned earlier, a new trend amongst corporations working in all spheres of business has come about. This is, to start a new enterprise (for new entrepreneurs) or to launch a brand (for existing corporations) in UAE. This is no surprise, since the early sales figures of products of such is very large, and creates an impression in the minds of consumers everywhere in the world. Thus, UAE has become an extremely attractive location for the launch of new companies or products of existing ones. The aforementioned reasons are enough to imply that a brand, especially one as big as fischertechnik does not need to think twice before entering UAE. Of course, there are a number of pre-requisites and formalities that need to be fulfilled before business can be setup in the country. This is discussed in the next section. In the present section, we limit our discussion to the specific advantages and constraints attached to entering UAE. Regarding this, we discuss the kind of demand that is likely to be there in UAE by analyzing the present demand and import scenario in the toy industry, the kinds of consumers that can be targeted, and the kind of problems that the company would be likely to face. Due to the huge amount of developmental activities, migration has been tremendous in the UAE. Thus, there has been a population explosion in the UAE in the past decade or so. This is particularly true in the case of bigger cities such as Dubai and Abu Dhabi. The growing economy of the country has led to a fast increasing population rate, which has in-turn led to a huge increase in the demand for all kinds of products, which is the case with construction toy products as well. The total import of toys, which includes baby accessories in Dubai alone, was valued over 603 million Dirham in 2009. There has been an increasing demand for toys, as mentioned earlier, due to the great population in the country for the past few years, and this has led to a corresponding steady increase in the total import of toys in the country. It is interesting to note that in 2007 alone, the total rise in the import of toys was 16%. Another important indicator of the increase in demand for toys in UAE is the rapid decrease in the re-export of toys. However, what is significant to note here is that a major part of the demand for toys is met from import only, as there are hardly any local toy manufacturers in UAE. Companies like Lego and Toys R Us, have been selling their products in UAE, to take advantage of this deficit in local demand and supply. Thus there is great scope for foreign companies exporting into UAE. A smarter exercise, however, for such foreign companies would be to set up local production facilities, such as industrial plants, so that products could be produced domestically to avoid extra costs incurred during export of goods. This applies most appropriately to fischertechnik, because it is a very progressive company with a good financial standing and also because it has very little presence or popularity presently in the UAE. This lack of presence could be used as an advantage by fischertechnik, through, say for instance, a mega initial launch. However, a discussion of the implementation of this strategy is presented in detail later. Another very important point to be noted here is that presently most of the toys are imported by UAE from Asian countries like China, and a small portion is from Europe, USA and Canada. The total share in terms of import is approximately 90% from Asia and 10% from others. On top of this, there is presently, a great deal of diffidence in the minds of consumers towards purchasing Asian goods, since the quality and safety of such goods has been in question in the recent days. This further provides a good opportunity for foreign companies especially from Europe such as fischertechnik to enter the UAE markets, to establish themselves and beat a dying, or at least falling competition from their Asian counterparts. An analysis of the type of consumers who are most likely to purchase products of companies like fischertechnik is an extremely important pre-requisite for beginning or expanding operations into a new country. As mentioned earlier, the high population of UAE provides a huge pool of kids who are potential consumers of toys. However, there is a specific advantage connected to UAE in this regard. UAE is at the zenith of its development, and in the days to come, there will be a huge requirement of engineers and scientists in the country. Of course, it is best for any developing country, if this requirement is fulfilled domestically itself. Most parents in UAE, along with the government understand this present and future need, which is clearly exemplified from the fact that a number of excellent centers of technical education are have been set up over the years in the country. However, it is well known that simply providing good higher education is not enough. Kids have to be nurtured from a very young age, if this demand has to be met. For most parents, it is a dream to see their child become an engineer or a scientist because, and this is particularly true in UAE, they know that it would prove to be a prosperous career. This emotion can be utilized by fischertechnik for its expansion, the strategy for which is discussed later. Thus, to reach the ultimate consumers, i.e., young children, a route through their parents needs to be exploited. Thus, strategies have to be devised so that parents can be induced into buying the toys for their children. Another class of consumer consists of industrial level engineers and teachers who can use high-tech simulation type toy models, to provide for their employees and students respectively, better insight into the working of practical machines. For instance, teachers in a mechanical engineering class could use vehicle simulation toy models for showing the students the real working of such machines. This would make learning more effective and at the same time more enjoyable. Even for big companies, project relate discussions can be made more effective through simulation as well as modelling of the final project, for instance a model of a building when a construction project is being discussed. The existence of Free Trade Zones is a great advantage for any foreign company to setup operations in UAE. Many companies in various sectors such as networking, communications etc have already setup their business centers in UAE. These Free Trade Zones provide access to over 1.5 billion consumers in various countries of Africa, Asia and Europe, since ports in UAE are big trading centers and lie on many of the important trade routes of the world. This allows a great scope of future expansion of companies to nearby nations. However, this is just a secondary advantage of setting up operations in UAE. The Free Trade Zones have one hundred percent corporate tax exemption, zero taxes applicable on personal income, whether domestic or foreign, and no commercial levies. For a company having 51% domestic ownership there is no import duty applicable, however, companies having full foreign ownership are subjected to a 4% import duty. But this can be avoided through a collaborative setup or even through the setup of production centers within the country itself. There are no foreign exchange control or currency restrictions either. Apart from this, there is one hundred percent repatriation of capital as well as profit for foreign investors, which allows them to transfer their entire funds without any hassles. Such great incentives have been provided to foreign investors to speed up the process of development of the country through entry of huge amount of foreign capital. All these can be easily exploited by fischertechnik for its businesses in UAE. The legislative framework within the country is also very favorable for foreign investors. So, setting up of new businesses becomes an extremely simple process for most people. The laws regarding formal aspects of business setup or even expansion are very client friendly, which makes UAE an attractive location for new entrepreneurs since they do not have to face any obstacles. An example of the favorable laws is that companies can operate 24 hours a day, unlike those in most other countries. Plus, the regulation of businesses is extremely efficient which aims to protect the interests of all investors. Apart from the above, another huge advantage of expanding business into UAE is that the banking sector is very sophisticated and provides state of the art services and schemes to their clients. Such an ultra-modern and progressive banking sector has developed due to easing of laws are regulations for speeding up developmental activities in the country. The banking sector is highly confidential which ensures that all high risk financial matters are private. Also, the financial sector of UAE is extremely modern and provides all the best available products for corporations to use. For instance, corporations have easy access to modern financial instruments such as futures and options that can be used to hedge any risks arising in business. On top of this, a number of top financial consultancy firms and hedge funds have setup their offices in UAE, and provide services to other corporations. Thus, financial services of the best possible kind are easily available to companies. The stock mar kets in UAE are also extremely developed and provide easy access to all financial instruments and cheap and effective trading. Moving on to the infrastructure facilities available to companies, it is well known that UAE provides excellent and most diverse infrastructure available anywhere in the world. There are extremely sophisticated communication facilities available to companies. Apart from this, the security related services provided to corporate firms are also very advanced. All of the aforementioned advantages of expanding into UAE make it obvious that fischertechnik must enter the UAE markets as soon as possible, seeing the great benefits that it offers and the fact that till now these advantages have not been fully exploited by similar countries yet. FORMAL PRE-REQUISITES For performing business related activities in the UAE, any company needs to acquire a license. This license can be of three types namely, commercial, which is for all kinds of trading activities, industrial, which is for production or manufacturing activities and lastly, professional, for professional services and craftsmen. However, with regard to fischertechnik, only the first two types are of significance, since a major strategy for expansion would be to setup production and manufacturing activities in UAE, for which trading activities for purposes of hedging etc would be indispensable. Apart from this, the ownership of companies within UAE can be of two types. The first is partnership type of company, in which 51% of the ownership of the company is with a UAE national and the rest 49% is owned by the investor. Thus, for setting up such a company, fischertechnik would have to for a collaborative alliance with a domestic company in UAE. The second type of ownership is called Sole ownership, in which the investor has full control over the company. For this, the company has to setup its business within a Free Trade Zone only. There are, however, some restrictions on the type of business transactions that can be done outside the designated Free Trade Zone. For fischertechnik, a combination of the two ownership types would be most beneficial. For its production activities, it could form a joint venture company with another UAE based corporation, which performs a related business, while for its marketing activities, it could use the Sole Ownership type of company setup, and distribute its products through authorized dealers, since companies having Sole Ownership cannot directly sell their products in domestic markets. This sort of a combination would help fischertechnik in marketing its own brand, while maintaining steady production in collaboration with another company. SWOT ANANLYSIS OF FISCHERTECHNIK The SWOT analysis of fischertechnik is presented as follows: Strengths: fischertechnik has much significant strengths which are presented here one by one. Firstly, it is a huge brand, renowned all over the world, in the field of construction toys and is the best known brand specifically for constructions toys for educational purposes. It has an excellent record of financial performance in the past and has ownership of huge amount of monetary resources, which can be channelized into production and marketing related activities in business in UAE. This financial record gives fischertechnik excellent credit rating, which in-turn can help it to obtain local financing from domestic banks in UAE in the form of loans, very easily. This can help in hastening the start of business by quick setup of industrial and manufacturing plants as well as corporate offices. fischertechnik is the second biggest company in the field of construction toys, second only to Lego, thus it would not face competition from any other company in the area. Since Lego has very l imited operations presently in UAE, it would make fischertechnik an unsurpassable brand once it begins operations. It should be noted that although fischertechnik is next to Lego but the difference between the two is very less and if the former is able to establish a good image in UAE first, then the latter would not be able to overcome this image by entering the UAE market afterwards. Also, it is important to mention that fischertechnik is a very old company, 45 years to be exact, and thus has a pool of experienced and skilled staff possessing excellent technical expertise in the field of process control, which includes aspects of electrical, mechanical, electronics and computer engineering. The company uses the most sophisticated technologies in engineering and specifically in process control in its products, and the technical department, consisting of both experienced engineers as well as innovative minded freshers, who are recruited through an excellent selection process, of fis chertechnik continuously work towards discovering new technologies and incorporating innovative ideas into its products. Apart from these, the company produces a wide range of products for many all age groups including children and adults. Lastly, it is relevant to mention that the company has tremendous managerial expertise and organizational stability. Weaknesses: Although fischertechnik has very few weaknesses, it is relevant to mention them here. Fischertechnik has very small presence in UAE. Its business operations in UAE are very limited and in the inaugural phase. Although its small presence can be used as an advantage, this discussion is presented in the next section. However, limited presence can prove to be disastrous if business operations are not established speedily. This means that if a company like Lego which is the major competitor of fischertechnik senses the slowness in establishment of business operation of the latter, through speedy operation it can surpass and destroy the competitive advantage of the limited presence of the same. Since fischertechnik is a German company, the core employees of the same may not be able to adjust easily to the corporate practices and consumer behavior of the domestic markets of UAE. As a solution to this, the company would probably resort to the recruitment of local staff. Another r eason for recruitment of local staff is that it is mandatory for foreign companies to maintain a certain percentage of local employees within the total workforce. However, this local staff would face difficulty in adjusting to the corporate practices of a foreign company. Of course, this problem would need to be solved through an effective Human Resource Management strategy on the part of the company, which is definitely not an insurmountable task for a company of the likes of fischertechnik. Opportunities: As mentioned earlier, due to the huge amount of developmental activities in UAE, there has been a population explosion in the country. This automatically implies that there is a huge demand for consumer goods such as construction toys, due to the existence of a large number of families. Apart from this, because of setting up of a large number of institutes of higher education in the recent past, the demand for simulation models as educational tools would also be high. This means that fischertechnik has huge scope of revenue generation by supplying this huge demand. Again, setting up of new businesses and expansion thereafter is very simple in UAE, due to the liberal trade policies followed by the government. This is because UAE is a liberal economy and is extremely committed to free trade. Thus, these provide significant opportunities to fischertechnik to begin its operations at an appropriately fast pace. Also, as given in detail in the next section, the limited prese nce of fischertechnik in UAE presently can be used as a significant advantage. Threats: The most important threat is that if fischertechnik is slow in setting up its initial operations, no matter how sound its business plan may be, its rival competitor Lego can detect its main intentions and adopt strategies to work fast and finish the competitive advantage of the former. This is also because Lego already has some presence in UAE and for expansion it would take less time as compared to the time fischertechnik would take to establish itself from scratch. Another major threat that fischertechnik is likely to face is that the core employees of the company, who are mostly German, would find it difficult to adapt to the local conditions and similarly, the local staff would not be able to adapt to the corporate practices of the company. This problem is extremely significant and if an effective Human Resource Management strategy is not adopted, it could destroy all scope of existence of the company in UAE. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF FISCHERTECHNIK The PESTEL analysis of fischertechnik is as given below. It consists of all the macro-economic factors that affect the growth of fischertechnik in UAE. Political Factors: The present political environment of UAE is conducive to the growth of any company, and fischertechnik is no exception to the rule. The company should take full advantage of the liberal regulatory setup, which promotes the development of the economy, which automatically implies the growth of the company as well. As mentioned earlier, various tax exemptions which include exemption on corporate as well as personal earnings, free trade zones etc clearly exemplify this pro-development attitude of the UAE government. Fischertechnik, being a huge company would obviously receive a warm welcome and special treatment from the government of UAE, since its presence in the market would greatly increase the overall development of the country. Economic Factors: The great financial record of fischertechnik would undoubtedly help its initial setup. The overall consumer attitude in UAE is excellent from the point of view of any company, and consumers are always looking to buy products of companies which are reliable and have a good past record. The worldwide brand image of fischertechnik would help it to take advantage of such consumer attitude. If the company pays attention and highlights that it uses local resources, generates employment and works in a manner keeping sustainability, the confidence of consumers is greatly increased. fischertechnik needs to use such a marketing strategy to promote itself so as to strongly setup its business operations in UAE. Social Factors: The population of UAE is diverse, especially due to the great amount of developmental activities going on in the country. Thus, the population consists of all types of consumers. But in general, the populace of UAE is pro-development and if the company keeps in mind not to delve into controversies that affect the religious or spiritual aspects of the life of the people of the country, a rapid growth rate is virtually assured. Technological Factors: Again, due to the tremendous amount of developmental work going on in the country, a number of companies have set themselves up in UAE. This has resulted in a near perfect competition in the domestic markets of UAE. Such competition always promotes the use of latest technology and to an extent, healthy sharing of technologies between companies engaged in the same business. With such a scenario in the market and with the strong technological experience of the fischertechnik, which is known to be a company that perpetually comes out with new and innovative products, there is no doubt that the company would be able to establish itself in UAE within no time. Legal Factors: As mentioned earlier, the pro-development attitude of the UAE government has resulted in a relaxed set of laws and regulations governing the corporate sector. In the past, fischertechnik has not been involved in any controversies that involve legal issues and need to maintain such a record during its operations in UAE. With many Asian toy companies facing legal problems presently, in light of allegations from various entities within UAE that the goods they have exported to UAE are not safe, it is the perfect opportunity for fischertechnik to once and for all destroy its competition by promoting itself as a safe toymaker. Environmental Factors: fischertechnik needs to adopt a pro-environment attitude that promotes sustainability. As a company that promotes science and engineering, it has already established its technological dominance over many companies in the same business. However, a business setup that keeps in mind the environment, which includes green building for its corporate offices and manufacturing facilities that have reduced carbon emissions etc, on the part of fischertechnik can go a long way in the growth of the company in UAE. WAYS TO ENTER: STRATEGIES After the completion of the pre-requisite formalities, the following strategies would be most effective for fischertechnik for its expansion in UAE. fischertechnik should begin its operations by setting up multiple manufacturing facilities and industrial plants at various locations in UAE. The number of corporate offices should be kept low and distributional activity should be outsourced to a large number of authorized dealers and distributors. Such a strategy for the initial setup of business would be very effective because it would remove any scope of import duty and the cost incurred in movement of goods from outside the country would be avoided. This has not been done by any of the toy companies including Lego in their operations in UAE and thus they have to incorporate the extra cost in the prices of their products. Therefore, fischertechnik products would be priced lower compared to others and this would provide a definite competitive advantage to the company. Complete financing should not be from the personal savings of the company and a large part of the financing should be obtained in the form of loans from banks and other financial institutions. This is because corporate savings need to be retained for payment of dividends etc and to take care of any sudden cash payment liabilities that may arise. Also, since UAE has an extremely sophisticated and well established banking system, the loans for setting up business are offered at lower rates, and are usually coupled with attractive and profitable schemes. This should definitely be exploited. The initial target locations should be the metropolitan cities of Dubai and Abu Dhabi. This is because they have the highest population density and thus the biggest pool of prospective consumers. Through multiple authorized dealers for distribution, the volume of products supplied to the cities should be high from the beginning itself. This would generate high revenue from the beginning and would also provide valuable information about the consumer behavior in the domestic market of UAE. After this initial phase, the subsequent targets should be smaller cities which include the capitals of the seven Emirates of UAE amongst others. Next, the strategy to be used to take advantage of the limited presence of fischertechnik in UAE currently is presented. The first aim should be the organization of multiple mega-launch events simultaneously across various parts of the two metropolitan cities of Dubai and Abu Dhabi. This includes large scale exhibitions and sale offers. For such events, special attention needs to be given to the ambience of the same, through the use of attractive banners, posters and pamphlets. This should be coupled with an attractive exhibition of toys, which would include the best products of fischertechnik. Special toys, exclusively for consumers of UAE could also be prepared. A good looking inaugural event is very important to make an impression in the minds of consumers. This effect is much more effective on kids, who would be the ultimate consumers of fischertechnik products. To cater to the special needs and demands of the consumers, a survey should be conducted before these events to find ou t the same, so tha