Scrooge Is A Miserable And Greedy Old Man Essay - 1390 Words

Ebenezer Scrooge is a miserable and greedy old man, who focuses mainly on his business and continues with his greedy ways on Christmas Eve. He is always grumpy and yells at his employees, and most of all at Bob Cratchit. Scrooge’s desire is to be by himself on Christmas Eve, and rejects his nephew Fred’s, invitation for dinner. One night, the ghost of Jacob Marley, a former colleague of Scrooge, who has passed away seven years ago, visits the old man. Marley reminds Scrooge of his cruel lifestyle and encourages him to change it before it is too late. He tells Scrooge that three spirits will visit him. When Scrooge falls asleep, The Ghost of Christmas Past visits him first. The Ghost shows him scenes from the past the reveal Scrooges’ live; from a lonesome young boy to a man who has allowed greed to overcome his life, a man who does not know love and compassion. Scrooge is touched by what he has seen and even allows emotions to overcome his stone-cold heart. Secon dly, the Ghost of Christmas Present visits Scrooge. The Ghost takes Scrooge to several Christmas celebrations, including the party at Fred’s house. Also the Ghost takes Scrooge to the Crachit’s house, and warns him that unless the future is changed the crippled young son of Bob, Tiny Tim will die. The ghost warns Scrooge to be carful of his ignorance. Lastly the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come visits Scrooge. The old man becomes aware that several people discuses the death of someone. At last, he learns that this isShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Scrooge In A Christmas Carol818 Words   |  4 PagesLessons Scrooge Learned â€Å"I am not the man I was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dickens 676). Those might be the most famous words spoken by Charles Dickens’ main character of â€Å"A Christmas Carol†. Scrooge was a greedy man whose life was changed by the visitations of three spirits; Past, The present, and Future. Scrooge learned why he had become greedy, how much he missed out on by avoiding Christmas, and that he was capable of becoming a compassionate person who could make a difference in the lives of others. TheRead More Scrooge in A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens Scrooge is represented from the beginning as a miserable old man being described as a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous, old sinner! I think this a perfect description of him in one sentence. People know Scrooge well and avoid him, this suites Scrooge because he does not like other people and not a big fan of being sociable. The name Scrooge was created by Dickens and is now well known in the dictionaryRead MoreScrooges Journey of Growth and Redemption in a Christmas Carol810 Words   |  4 PagesDickens represents Scrooge as an unsympathetic man who is offered the opportunity to redeem himself. Through use of language, the reader is positioned to view him adversely, but during the journey of morality lessons shown by three spirits, Scrooge recovers his sense of joy by undergoing a significant transformation. Scrooge seeks redemption through the many lessons taught by the Spirits of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come. In A Christmas Carol, Dickens represents Scrooge as a squeezingRead MoreA Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens1160 Words   |  5 PagesHumbug†, a line repeated many times in the story by its main character, a miserable and bitter fellow by the name of Ebenezer Scrooge, has become a well-known phrase even today. The story takes place in and around the city of London and begins on Christmas Eve, continues through Christmas Day, and ends the morning after Christmas in 1843. At the beginning of the story, Scrooge hates Christmas and happiness and was very greedy. Then a trio of spirits, the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and FutureRead MoreA Christmas Carol Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesstaves. The first stave is a prologue where Dickens introduces the reader to scrooge and his characteristics. In the second stave Dickens writes about the ghost of the past who takes scrooge to the past and shows him what happened in his important parts of his life. In the third stave Dickens writes about the ghost of the present where the ghost of present shows scrooge what was happening at the present. In the fourth stave scrooge is met by the ghost of the future and he is shown what is going to happenRead More A Christmas Carol - character study of Scrooge Essay2602 Words   |  11 PagesA Christmas Carol - character study of Scrooge A Christmas Carol â€Å"Scrooge! A squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous old sinner!† Scrooge is the main character in the novel ‘A Christmas Carol’. At the beginning of the novel he is a brutal, evil, pitiless, cold-hearted man, but subsequent to meeting three spirits, Scrooge regrets his life and decides he needs to alter it. The main theme Charles Dickens conveys through the story is redemption; this is significantRead MoreCharles Dickens and A Christmas Carol1613 Words   |  7 Pagesa school director. Dickens went to William Giles’ school in Chatham, Kent, for approximately one year before his father’s money habits caught up with him. Dickens’ father was sent to prison for debt in 1824, when Dickens’ was just twelve years old. Following his father’s imprisonment, Dickens’ had to drop out of school to work at a boot-blacking factory along the River of Thames. He earned 6 shillings a week, which is a dollar and forty-four cents in US money. It was the best he could do toRead MoreScrooges Change in Attitude in A Christmas Carol Essay1970 Words   |  8 Pagescharacter Scrooge, and his attitude towards life, his mean, grumpy and selfish character and his lack of Christian charity. It will explain the transformation of Scrooge and why the transformation occurred. Scrooges mean attitude was demonstrated when he said to his nephew, â€Å"What right have you to be Merry? Youre poor enough This is the first indication that Scrooge was not in the Christmas spirit as he was not joyful. This is also an indication that Scrooge was greedy and mean withRead MoreHow and Why Does Dickens Present the Change in Scrooge in ‘a Christmas Carol’?2608 Words   |  11 PagesChristmas Carol’ covers a period of 24 hours from Christmas Eve to Christmas Day. It is a simple morality tale of the radical change in the character Ebenezer Scrooge from being bitter, ironfisted and miserable to becoming a new, openhearted and charitable man. The book was first published in 1843, a time when many of the wealthy people neglected the old Christmas spirit of charity. In addition, the Industrial Revolution had further done away with the simple pleasures of the season. Dickens’ intentions inRead More Analysis of A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Essays3690 Words   |  15 PagesLondon, allow readers to experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old city. The story I am studying is A Christmas Carol. A Christmas Carol is a song sung during a Christian celebration - Christmas. A Christmas Carol is structured using 5 stares (chapters). It begins in the past, informing the reader of a man named Marley, and his death. Then in the present we are introduced to Ebenezer Scrooge who is a business man. Unfortunately that is all he cares about. He thinks Christmas is a

Computional Fluid Dynamics Through a Pipe Free Essays

Table of Contents INTRODUCTION3 Method:3 Part 23 Part 33 Part 44 Part 54 RESULTS4 Part 14 Part 26 Part 36 Part 46 Part 5:6 DISCUSSION7 CONCLUSION7 REFERENCES7 INTRODUCTION The main objective of this assignment is to simulate a 3-D air flow in a pipe using Ansys CFX. The pipe was simulated under specific conditions. These conditions are air temperature to be 25? C (degrees Celsius), one atmospheric reference pressure, no heat transfer and laminar flow. We will write a custom essay sample on Computional Fluid Dynamics Through a Pipe or any similar topic only for you Order Now The results from the simulation of laminar flow in the pipe were compared with the theoretical ones. Also the mesh was refined in the simulation to see if it is possible to get more accurate results using grid convergence analysis. Method: The pipe used in the simulation has dimensions of a 0. 5m axial length and a radial diameter of 12mm. The air entering the pipe, inlet velocity, is set to 0. 4 m/s at a temperature of 25? C and one atmospheric pressure. No slip condition was set on the pipe walls. The outlet of pipe was set to zero gauge average static pressure. In CFX a mesh was formed on the pipe with a default mesh spacing (element size) of 2mm. Figure (1) and (2) shows the setup of the model before simulation was preformed Figure 1: Mesh without Inflation Figure 1: Mesh without Inflation Figure 2: Mesh with Inflation Part 2 Calculating the pressure drop ? p=fLD? Ub22Equation (1) Calculating Reynolds number Re=UbD/? Equation (2) Friction Factorf=64/ReEquation (3) The results were calculated using excel, and plotted in Figure (3). Part 3 Estimating the entrance pipe length Le: Le/D=0. 06ReEquation (4) Having Re=UbD/? Equation (3) The simulated results of velocity vs. axial length were plotted in Figure (5). From the graph the Le (entrance pipe length) was determined by estimating the point in the x-axis where the curve is straight horizontal line. Part 4 Comparison of the radial distribution of the axial velocity in the fully developed region in the simulated model against the following analytical equation: UUmax = 1-rr02 Equation (5) The results were calculated using excel, and plotted in Figure (4). Part 5 The simulation was performed three times, each time with a different grid setting. The numbers of nodes were 121156,215875 and 312647 for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd simulation. RESULTS Part 1 Figure 3: Pressure Distribution vs. Axial Length Figure 3: Pressure Distribution vs. Axial Length Figure 4: Axial Velocity vs. Radial Diameter Figure 5: Velocity vs. Axial Distance Part 2 Having: Dynamic viscosity ? = 1. 835Ãâ€"10-5 kg/ms and Density ? = 1. 184 kg/m3 Reynolds Number Re=UbD? == 261. 58 Friction Factorf=64Re== 0. 244667 ?p=0. 965691 Pa From the simulation the pressure estimated at the inlet is ? p=0. 96562 Pa (0. 95295-0. 965691)/0. 965691*100 = 1. 080 % Part 3 Having Re=UbD? =261. 58 The entrance pipe length Le: Le=0. 06Re*D = 0. 188 m From the graph in Figure (3) the Le is estimated to be ~ 0. 166667 ((0. 166667-0. 188)/0. 188)*100 = 11. 73% Part 4 From the graph in Figure 2 the theoretical velocity at the center of the pipe is estimated to be 0. 8 m/s. From the simulation the velocity at the center of the pipe is estimated to be 0. 660406 m/s. ((0. 688179-0. 8)/0. 8)*100= 13. 98% Part 5: Table 1: Percentage Error for Each Simulation Number of Nodes| Axial Velocity % error (%)| Pressure % error (%) | 120000 Simulated I| 13. 98| 1. 31| 215000 Simulated II| 12. 42| 2. 24| 312000 Simulated III| 12. 38| 2. 28| Figure 6: Percentage Error vs. Number of Nodes Figure 6: Percentage Error vs. Number of Nodes The percentage error for the axial velocity results from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd simulation were calculated and plotted in Figure (6), as well as the pressure result along the pipe. Table (1) shows the axial velocity and pressure percentage error for each simulation. DISCUSSION After the simulation was successfully done on Ansys CFX and the simulated results were compared with theoretical results, it was found that the simulated results have slight deviation from theoretical ones. In PART 2, he pressure in the simulated result differed by the theoretical by a 1. 080%, for 1st simulation. In PART 3, the simulated results for entrance pipe length, Le, differed from the theoretical results by 11. 73%. In PART 4, Figure (4), the simulated velocity curve is less accurate than that of the theoretical. In PART 5, meshing refinements and inflation were done to the simulation in order to getting better results. Figures (6) show with more nodes and inflation the accuracy of the results increases. Increasing the nodes gradually was found to be an advantage where higher or more accurate results were obtained. This is noted in grid convergence graph, Figure (6), as the number of nodes increase the pressure percentage error is converging to 2% while for velocity percentage error is converging to 12%. On the other hand, the percentage error increased with the increase of the number of nodes while the velocity error decreased with the increase of number of nodes. In Part 2 the percentage error for pressure drop is 1. 080%, for 1st simulation. But when trying to increase the accuracy of the simulated velocity result by refining the meshing and adding nodes the pressure drop percentage error increases, as shown in figure (6). This is due to that Darcy-Weisbach equation, equation (1), assumes constant developed flow all along the pipe where in the simulated results the flow is observed to become developed father down the pipe from the inlet. This is assumed to change the pressure distribution along the pipe. CONCLUSION More nodes used in meshing will produce more accurate and precise results, as shown in Figure (6). Also the meshing plays a vital rule on the sensitivity of results in terms of the accuracy of these results. REFERENCES [1]Fluid Mechanics Frank M. White Sixth edition. 2006 How to cite Computional Fluid Dynamics Through a Pipe, Essay examples

Internal Assessment Essay Example For Students

Internal Assessment Essay Allow me to start you off with a question. Isnt it hard to comprehend the idea of a novel, without any characters? Think a second. Well yes. There will be no dialogue, no experiences hence no story to convey, and no novel to start with. Therefore characters are one of the most necessary elements of a novel; and this is what this oral presentation will scrutinize. This oral presentation aims to answer these questions during the process: how are the characters presented on paper, how do may the readers interpret the characters, what are the purposes of the characters and their actions. These questions will refer to the three main characters, Jimmy, Crake and Oryx, found in the novel Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood; portraying a dystopic world in our near future. Jimmy is the main character of the novel. The author presents Jimmy to us at the beginning of the book as a naked and ruined man, which has somehow survived a disaster of some sort. He is a vulnerable creature that has managed to stay alive in a new dangerous and vicious ecosystem. It is evident that Jimmy is a weak organism of this ecosystem from how Jimmys skin is full of bug bites, his sensitivity against the bright sun, the lack of food and the fact that he has to sleep in tree to be safe from creature crawling under him during the night. Jimmy renames himself as the Abominable Snowman after surviving human extinction. However he changes it to snowman thinking he will melt into nothingness similar to a real snowman. Snowman is presented as an inferior of the environment. He was also a weak individual in society as a child. Jimmy found it hard to form connections with other humans. The most important reasons for this is Jimmys parents not spending any time with him, even when it was Jimmys birthday, and his mother abandoning Jimmy to engage in anti-compound activities. Jimmy tries to make friends by performing small funny shows of his parents fighting at school. Nevertheless he still lacks the ability to form true friendships. The readers can easily observe the different stages of Jimmys life and how he develops through the years. Jimmy suffers similar to any average person today will suffer from a dysfunctional family. There are no exaggerations. Even when Jimmy gets into a relation with his true love, Oryx, he continues having difficulty empathizing. Jimmy cant prevent himself from searching into Oryxs past although she refuses. Small details similar to this add the extra realism to this character; allowing the reader to easily connect to the story through this realistic character. Jimmy continues to develop. After the disaster, although he had a great talent for language and word usage, Jimmy encounters problems recalling the fancy words he once knew and loved; allowing the reader to fully understand the consequences of the disaster on Jimmy, both physically and mentally. Jimmy accurately fills the purpose of portraying an average person struggling to survive in harsh conditions. Bringing the theme survival up to surface. Also the novel is told from the depth of Jimmys mind. Allowing the reader to further know how this character thinks and moves helping the author portray a realistic character that the story can be revolved around. Crake is one of the antagonists of the novel. Crake, previously known as Glenn, is Jimmys only friend and vice versa. Crake impresses Jimmy with his ability to make impressions of teachers. He is also very intelligent; intelligent enough to attend the prestigious Watson-Crick institute. Glenn is first presented to us as a silent and intellectual teenager. A good example to show his cleverness is when Crake calculates the position of the mans hand in there teachers jacket at the mall. It is on page 85. Both Glenn and Jimmy do what average teenagers do: they play a great deal of video games, watch violent movies and even watch porn together. Glenn acts similar to an average teenager however he lacks the emotions and tenderness. Nonetheless he possesses a strong logic. Glenn only operates from logical theorems like robots we see in science fiction. .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 , .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .postImageUrl , .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 , .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:hover , .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:visited , .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:active { border:0!important; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:active , .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250 .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud437a58ed4bfbb234fd6fe58f5057250:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Journeys end is a play that has been successful for over 70 years EssayWhen Jimmy and Glenn start playing a game called Extinctathon, Glenn adopts the name Crake (name of an extinct red necked Australian bird). Foreshadowing his, own extinction in near the end of the novel. Although his name changes Crake doesnt develop through the novel. Crake continues depending only on pure logic at every aspect of life and lacks the human emotions. Crake is blinded from his desire to carry out his logical theorems and kills all of humanity including him. No normal human being can ever dare to think of an action like this. Crake lacks the realism that Jimmy possesses. Most readers will identify Glenn as the most intelligent kid in class who always has something clever to say. I heard that most people think that Jimmys and Crake friendship is improbable. The mentality is that people become friends with people as same as them, intelligent with intelligent, sporty people with sporty people etc. However I think, Jimmy and Crake a perfect match. Both of them have parents that dont interact with them much. Jimmys mother abandons him and his father barely calls with him, only spends his time with his new wife. A similar template can be seen with Crakes parents with slight differences, his mother doesnt talk much and he has a stepfather Uncle Pete. Besides their similarity of their family relations, there are their differences that attract them closer like the different poles of a magnet. For some their difference in intelligence is a negative factor in their friendship. However, this difference allows the each of them to learn different aspects of life; making their friendship more interesting and causing them to connect more. This is the role of Crake in the book. Allowing the author to write an interesting story of Jimmys childhood, showing the how the families of the future are going to be corrupt. Crake also fills in the role of causing the biggest conflict in the book, the extinction of human kind. Finally there is the beautiful Oryx. She is the only female character from our three main. In the book she is described to have a triangular face, like that of a Siamese cat. The good friends Jimmy and Crake first see her in pornography movie, wearing a garland of flowers and a pink hair ribbon. Before all these Oryx used to live in a poor village as a small child, later being sold to a child trader. She is first thought to sell flowers to tourists then to seduce old man into a trap. Afterwards she starts playing in porn movies. Then she meets Crake through the students services of Watson-Crick. Oryx is very unique character. She is the furthest from average human features. Oryx is extremely adaptive to any condition. She manages to look at the bright side of everything. She believes anything said to hear. Seem is as if she is only programmed to follow orders. Uncle En tells her to go to the hotel room with the man, she doesnt refuse. She doesnt have the ability to oppose. Life isnt about herself it is about the people around her. For example, although she loves Jimmy she still cant breakup with Crake just because she thinks Crake is doing something to change the world and that she shouldnt break his feelings and help him as much as possible. There a few key roles Oryx carries out in the novel. First of course she portrays the horrible events like child trading in the novels dystopic world. Second she becomes the only girl that Jimmy has feelings for. Bringing out his inner emotions to surface allowing him to develop. Finally, she forms the love triangle between the three characters. Actually it is more similar to a v shape where Oryx is the point of the shape. This produces a new conflict: a conflict for Jimmy to win his true love entirely from Crake. Another would be Oryx having to choose one of the two. However Oryx isnt in a state of conflict, when any normal person should. This leaves the character incomplete and alien to readers. .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 , .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .postImageUrl , .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 , .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:hover , .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:visited , .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:active { border:0!important; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:active , .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7 .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u63296ac2e5f9defdd9b73b2bbaedd5b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Pretty Horses EssayTo conclude, all three of the characters are different from each other: Jimmy is the closest representation of us humans, Crake is what robot are like in humans destroying humans thinking they are imperfect, and Oryx is the naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve beautiful girl that follows anyone that sound convincing. Crake and Oryx may lack the humanlike features; however they have important drives to fulfill. This novel wouldnt be what it is without them. Nonetheless Jimmy is the strongest and most entertaining character in the Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood. Throughout the presentation I tried to give a brief background of the characters, how many readers might interpret these characters, and their roles in the novel. Every individual reads and understand differently. Of course, literature pieces are always debatable. Now if there is any question please feel free and thank you listening.